Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

1.30

Impact Factor

1.60

CiteScore

Muhammad Israr Khan This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. and Shuhong Wang

School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 110819, China


 

Received: October 17, 2022
Accepted: February 1, 2023
Publication Date: March 9, 2023

 Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.


Download Citation: ||https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.202311_26(11).0009  


ABSTRACT


Identification of potential landslides and evaluation of landside risk during impounding and operation are deemed necessary to ensure the safety of the project operations. The scope of the current studies for the accomplishment of the aforementioned purposes is to review of published materials, interpretation of satellite images and topographic maps, site reconnaissance and preparation of geological map and preliminary assessment of hazard and risk of identified landslides. The interpretations presented herein are based on study of satellite (Quick Bird Google TM Earth) images, Survey of Pakistan (SOP) sheets, previously published geological maps and reports pertaining to the project area followed by ground verification in the field. This paper presents a preliminary assessment of the reservoir slopes, briefly discussing physiography, geology, potential and active reservoir landslides and a preliminary landslides risk assessment. The conclusions and recommendations provided at the end of this report summarises the studies conducted, potential and active landslides, their subsequent risk assessment and further need of detailed studies.


Keywords: Dynamics; Rocks/Rock Mechanics; Slopes-Stabilization; Numerical Methods; Dams


REFERENCES


  1. [1] F. J. Swanson, N. Oyagi, and M. Tominaga. “Landslide dams in Japan”. In: Landslide dams: processes, risk, and mitigation. ASCE. 1986, 131–145.
  2. [2] S. G. Evans, R. L. Hermanns, A. Strom, and G. Scarascia-Mugnozza. Natural and artificial rockslide dams. 133. Springer Science & Business Media, 2011.
  3. [3] A. Strom. “Natural river damming: climate-driven or seismically induced phenomena: basics for landslide and seismic hazard assessment”. In: Engineering Geology for Society and Territory-Volume 2: Landslide Processes. Springer. 2015, 33–41. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_3.
  4. [4] H. Chai, H. Liu, and Z. Zhang, (1995) “The catalog of Chinese landslide dam events" Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation 6(4): 1–9.
  5. [5] K. Terzaghi, (1950) “Mechanism of landslides": DOI: 10.1130/Berkey.1950.83.
  6. [6] M. Saito. “Failure of soil due to creep”. In: Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on SMFE. 1961, 315–318.
  7. [7] D. Petley, D. Petley, and R. Allison. “Temporal prediction in landslides–Understanding the Saito effect”. In: Landslides and Engineered Slopes. From the Past to the Future, Two Volumes+ CD-ROM. CRC Press, 2008, 887–894. DOI: 10.1130/G21147.1.
  8. [8] M. Saito. “Forecasting the time of occurrence of a slope failure.” In: Proc. 6 th Int. Conf. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Eng. 1965, 537–541. DOI: 10.1201/9780203885284-115.
  9. [9] B. Voight and B. Kennedy. “Slope failure of 1967–1969, Chuquicamata mine, Chile”. In: Developments in Geotechnical Engineering. 14. Elsevier, 1979, 595–632.
  10. [10] T. FUKUZONO. “A new method for predicting the failure time of a slope”. In: Proceedings of 4ˆ< th> International Conference and Field Workshop on Landslide., 1985. 1985, 145–150. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-41508-0.50025-9.
  11. [11] C. Azimi, J. Biarez, P. Desvarreux, F. Keime, R. Bielski, K. Gwizdala, J. Swinianski, and A. Tejchman, “Forecasting time of failure for a rockslide in gypsum (In French)":
  12. [12] B. Voight, (1989) “A relation to describe rate-dependent material failure" Science 243(4888): 200–203.
  13. [13] T. Fukuzono, (1989) “A simple method for predicting the failure time of slope using reciprocal of velocity" Technol. Disaster Prev. Sci. Technol. Agency Jpn. Int. Coop. Agency 13: 111–128.
  14. [14] C. R. Kilburn and D. N. Petley, (2003) “Forecasting giant, catastrophic slope collapse: lessons from Vajont, Northern Italy" Geomorphology 54(1-2): 21–32. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00052-7.
  15. [15] D. N. Petley, T. Higuchi, D. J. Petley, M. H. Bulmer, and J. Carey, (2005) “Development of progressive landslide failure in cohesive materials" Geology 33(3): 201–204. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00052-7.
  16. [16] M. I. Khan, S. Wang, et al. “Analysis of earth fill hydraulic dam with varying crest length and permeability to develop correlations”. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 304. 5. IOP Publishing. 2019, 052120. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/304/5/052120.
  17. [17] M. I. Khan and S. Wang, (2022) “Correlating groundwater level and shear strength: Kotkai Pakistan landslide as case study" Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering 175(1): 21–27. DOI: 10.1680/jfoen.21.00035.
  18. [18] M. I. Khan and S.Wang, (2022) “Develop correlations between soil parameters: Jandola Pakistan landslide as case study" Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering 175(3): 78–86. DOI: 10.1680/jgeen.21.00042.
  19. [19] M. I. Khan, S. Wang, P. Wang, and M. A. Nikjow, (2022) “Soil slope analysis to develop useful correlations in saturated and unsaturated conditions" Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering 40(XXXX): 1–9. DOI: 10.3390/app11104568.
  20. [20] M. I. Khan, S.Wang, et al., (2022) “Dynamic deformation analysis of the upstream and downstream slope of the rockfill nauseri dam" Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 26(2): 293–301. DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/135607.
  21. [21] M. I. Khan, (2023) “Correlations between factor of safety with distributed load and crest length–Zariwam landslide as case study" Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes: 1–14. DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/131203.
  22. [22] M. I. Khan and S. Wang. “Seismic analysis of a soil slope to develop correlations for factor of safety considering horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients”. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 495. 1. IOP Publishing. 2020, 012036. DOI: 10.1680/jfoen.21.00035.
  23. [23] M. I. Khan and S. Wang. “Comparing the various slope stability methods to find the optimum method for calculating factor of slope safety”. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 480. 1. IOP Publishing. 2020, 012003. DOI: 10.1680/jfoen.22.00001.
  24. [24] M. I. Khan and S.Wang. “Comparative study of slope stability of a highway constructed in hilly area using limit equilibrium and finite element methods”. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 514. 2. IOP Publishing. 2020, 022023. DOI: 10.1680/jfoen.22.00002.
  25. [25] M. I. Khan and S. Wang. “Comparative study of seismic and non-seismic analysis of a soil slope to develop correlations for factor of safety considering horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients”. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 529.1. IOP Publishing. 2020, 012013. DOI: 10.6180/jase.202302_26(2).0015.
  26. [26] M. Khan, “Wang S (2021a) Method for predicting factor of safety and seepage due to the variation in dam width and other parameters" Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers–Geotechnical Engineering:
  27. [27] M. I. Khan and S.Wang, (2021) “Slope stability analysis to correlate shear strength with slope angle and shear stress by considering saturated and unsaturated seismic conditions" Applied Sciences 11(10): 4568.
  28. [28] S. Wang and M. I. Khan, (2021) “Developing correlations for advance prediction of slope factor of safety using linear regression analysis–Karachi landslide is a case study" Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 30(6): 5849–5862.
  29. [29] M. I. Khan and S. Wang, (2021) “Slope Stability Analysis to Develop Correlations between Different Soil Parameters and Factor of Safety Using Regression Analysis." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 30(5): DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/131203.