Chao-Ching Chang^1,2, Chih-Shing Wang¹, Yu-Chen Chen¹ and Liao-Ping Cheng  ^1,2

¹Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 251, R.O.C.
²Energy and Opto-Electronic Materials Research Center, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 251, R.O.C.

REFERENCES

1. [1] Hirshberg, Y., “Photochromy in the Bianthrone Series,” Compt. Rend., Vol. 231, p. 903 (1950).
2. [2] Levy, D., “Photochromic Sol-Gel Materials,” Chem. Mater., Vol. 9, No. 12, pp. 2666
   2670 (1997). doi: 10.1021/cm970355q
3. [3] Spagnoli, S., Block, D., Botzung-Appert, E., Colombier, I., Baldeck, P. L., Ibanez, A. and Corval, A., “Photochromism of Spiropyran Nanocrystals Embedded in Sol-Gel Matrices,” J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 109, No. 18, pp. 8587
   8591 (2005). doi: 10.1021/jp046792r
4. [4] Filpo, G. D., Nicoletta, F. P. and Chidichimo, G., “Flexible Nano-Photo-Electrochromic Film,” Chem. Mater., Vol. 18, No. 19, pp. 4662
   4666 (2006). doi: 10.1021/cm061438m
5. [5] Serwadczak, M. and Kucharski, S., “Photochromic Gratings in Sol-Gel Hybrid Materials Containing Cyanoazobenzene Chromophores,” J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 57
   62 (2006). doi: 10.1007/s10971-005-5156-x
6. [6] Malic, N., Campbell, J. A. and Evans, R. A., “Superior Photochromic Performance of Naphthopyrans in a Rigid Host Matrix Using Polymer Conjugation: Fast, Dark and Tunable,” Macromolecules, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 1206
   1214 (2008). doi: 10.1021/ma071792l
7. [7] Kim, C. W., Oh, S. W., Kim, Y. H., Cha, H. G. and Kang, Y. S., “Characterization of the Spironaphthooxazine Doped Photochromic Glass: The Effect of Matrix Polarity and Pore Size,” J. Phys. Chem. C, Vol. 112, No. 4, pp. 1140
   1145 (2008). doi: 10.1021/jp 073587d
8. [8] Ke, X., Yan, X., Song, S., Li, D., Yang, J. J. and Wang, M. R., “Synthesis and Characterization of a Photochromic Sol-Gel Material Functionalized with Azo Dye,” Opt. Mater., Vol. 29, No. 11, pp. 1375
   1380 (2007). doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2006.06.019
9. [9] Tomasulo, M., Sortino, S., White, A. J. P. and Raymo, F. M., “Fast and Stable Photochromic Oxazines,” J. Org. Chem., Vol. 70, No. 12, pp. 8180
   8189 (2005). doi: 10.1021/jo051417w
10. [10] Wirnsberger, G., Scott, B. J., Chmelka, B. F. and Stucky, G. D., “Fast Response Photochromic Mesostructures,” Adv. Mater., Vol. 12, No. 19, pp. 1450
    1454 (2000). doi: 10.1002/1521-4095(200010)
11. [11] Anderson, N., Alberius, P., Örtegren, J., Lindgren, M. and Bergstrom, L., “Photochromic Mesostructured Silica Pigments Dispersed in Latex Films,” J. Mater. Chem., Vol. 15, No. 34, pp. 3507
    3513 (2005). doi: 10.1039/b505319f
12. [12] Schaudel, B., Guermeur, C., Sanchez, C., Nakatani, K. and Delaire, J. A., “Spirooxazine- and SpiropyranDoped Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Matrices with Very Fast Photochromic Responses,” J. Mater. Chem., Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 61
    65 (1997). doi: 10.1039/A606859F
13. [13] Pardo, R., Zayat, M. and Levy, D., “Reaching Bistability in a Photochromic Spirooxazine Embedded Sol-Gel Hybrid Coatings,” J. Mater. Chem., Vol. 19, No. 37, pp. 6756
    6760 (2009). doi: 10.1039/b909198j
14. [14] Pardo, R., Zayat, M. and Levy, D., “Stability Against Photodegradation of a Photochromic Spirooxazine Dye Embedded in Amino-Functionalized Sol-Gel Hybrid Coatings,” J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 400
    407 (2012). doi: 10.1007/s10971-012-2801-z
15. [15] Ribot, F., Lafuma, A., Eychenne-Baron, C. and Sanchez, C., “New Photochromic Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials Built from Well-Defined Nano-Building Blocks,” Adv. Mater, Vol. 14, No. 20, pp. 1496
    1499 (2002). doi: 10.1002/1521-4095(20021016)
16. [16] Such, G., Evans, R. A. and Davis, T. P., “Rapid Photochromic Switching in a Rigid Polymer Matrix Using Living Radical Polymerization,” Macromolecules, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 1391
    1396 (2006). doi: 10.1021/ma 052002f
17. [17] Bahajaj, A. A., Asiri, A. M., Alsoliemy, A. M. and Al-Sehemi, A. G., “Photochromic Properties of 7’,8’- Dichloro-1,3,3-Trimethylspiro [Indoline-2,3’-[3H] Benzo[b][1,4]Oxazine] Doped in PMMA and Epoxy Resin Thin Films,” Pigm. Resin. Technol., Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 353
    358 (2009). doi: 10.1108/03699420911 000592
18. [18] Mennig, M., Fries, K., Lindenstruth, M. and Schmidt, H., “Development of Fast Switching Photochromic Coatings on Transparent Plastics and Glass,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 351, No. 1
    2, pp. 230
    234 (1999).
19. [19] Hou, L., Hoffmann, B., Schmidt, H. and Mennig, M., “Effect of Heat Treatment and Additives on the Photochromic and Mechanical Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Photochromic Coatings Containing Spirooxazine,” J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., Vol. 8, No. 1
    3, pp. 923
    926 (1997). doi: 10.1023/A:1018384913360
20. [20] Hou, L. and Schmidt, H., “Thermal Decoloration Kinetics of Spirooxazines in Ormocer Coatings Prepared Via Sol-Gel Processing,” J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 31, No. 13, pp. 3427
    3434 (1996). doi: 10.1007/BF00360744
21. [21] Yamano, A. and Kozuka, H., “PrehydropolysilazaneDerived Silica-Polymethylmethacrylate Hybrid Thin Films Highly Doped with Spiropyran: Effects of Polymethylmethacrylate on the Hardness, Chemical Durability and Photochromic Properties,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 519, No. 6, pp. 1772
    1779 (2011). doi: 10.1016/ j.tsf.2010.09.034
22. [22] Gao, L. P., Ding, G. J., Li, C. L. and Wang, Y. C., “Photochromic and Electrochromic Performances of New Types of Donor/Acceptor Systems Based on Crosslinked Polyviologen Film and Electron Donors,” Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 257, No. 7, pp. 3039
    3046 (2011). doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.10.113
23. [23] Gao, L. P., Ding, G. J., Wang, Y. C. and Yang, Y. L., “Preparation of UV Curing Crosslinked Polyviologen Film and Its Photochromic and Electrochromic Performances,” Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 258, No. 3, pp. 1184
    1191 (2011). doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.09.068
24. [24] Chang, C. C., Oyang, T. Y., Chen, Y. C., Hwang, F. H. and Cheng, L. P., “Preparation of Hydrophobic Nanosilica Filled Polyacrylate Hard Coatings on Plastic Substrates,” J. Coat. Technol. Res., Vol. 11, pp. 381
    386 (2014). doi: 10.1007/s11998-013-9540-0