Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

1.30

Impact Factor

2.10

CiteScore

Hsiu-Jung Chiu1 , Jieh-Ming Huang2 and Trong-Ming Don This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.3

1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Ta Hwa Institute of Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan 307, R.O.C.
2Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Van Nung University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, R.O.C.
3Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 251, R.O.C.


 

Received: April 23, 2007
Accepted: August 31, 2007
Publication Date: June 1, 2008

Download Citation: ||https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.2008.11.2.12  


ABSTRACT


The spherulitic morphology and crystallization kinetics of a melt-miscible blend consisting of two constituents, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). PVDF and PHB crystallized over essentially the same temperature region due to the proximity of melting point, but their crystallization rates were very different in that the crystallization of PVDF always occurred prior to PHB. Consequently, the blends yielded a quite complicated spherulitic morphology that varied upon blend composition and crystallization temperature. Both spherulitic growth rate and overall crystallization rate of PVDF were depressed with the addition of PHB.


Keywords: Spherulitic Morphology, Crystallization Kinetics, Poly(vinylidene fluoride), Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)


REFERENCES


  1. [1] Paglia, E. D., Beltrame, P. L., Canetti, M., Seves, A., Marcandalli, B. and Martuscelli, E., “Crystallization and Thermal Behavior of Poly(D(-)3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(epichlorohydrin) Blends,” Polymer, Vol. 34, pp. 9961001 (1993).
  2. [2] Sadocco, P., Canetti, M., Seves, A. and Martuscelli, E., “Small-angle X-ray Scattering Study of the Phase Structure of Poly(D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate) and Atactic Poly(epichlorohydrin) Blends,” Polymer, Vol. 34, p. 3368 (1993).
  3. [3] Greco, P. and Martuscelli, E., “Crystallization and Thermal Behaviour of Poly(D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate) based Blends,” Polymer, Vol. 30, pp. 14751483 (1990).
  4. [4] An, Y., Dong, L., Xing, P., Mo, Z., Zhuang, Y. and Feng, Z., “Crystallization Kinetics and Morphology of Poly(_-hydroxybutyrate) and Poly(vinyl acetate) Blends,” Eur Polym J, Vol. 33, pp. 14491452 (1997).
  5. [5] Chiu, H. J., Chen, H. L., Lin, T. L. and Lin, J. S., “Phase Structure of Poly(3-hydroxy butyrate)/Poly(vinyl acetate) Blends Probed by Small-angle X-ray Scattering,” Macromolecules, Vol. 32, pp. 4969 4974 (1999).
  6. [6] Pearce, R., Brown, G. R. and Marchessault, R. H., “Crystallization Kinetics in Blends of Isotactic and Atactic Poly(_-hydroxybutyrate),” Polymer, Vol. 35, pp. 39843989 (1994).
  7. [7] Abe, H., Doi, Y., Satkowski, M. M. and Noda, I., “Miscibility and Morphology of Blends of Isotactic and Atactic Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate),” Macromolecules, Vol. 27, pp. 5054 (1994).
  8. [8] Iriondo, P., Iruin, J. J. and Fernandez-Berridi, M. J., “Thermal and Infra-red Spectroscopic Investigations of a Miscible Blend Composed of Poly(vinyl phenol) and Poly(hydroxybutyrate),” Polymer, Vol. 36, p. 3235 (1995).
  9. [9] Xing, P., Dong, L., An, Y., Feng, Z., Avella, M. and Martuscelli, E., “Miscibility and Crystallization of Poly(_-hydroxybutyrate) and Poly(p-vinylphenol) Blends,” Macromolecules, Vol. 30, pp. 27262733 (1997).
  10. [10] Chitrangad, B. and Middleman, S., “Shear Rate Dependent Viscosities of PPO-PS Polymer Blend-solvent Systems,” Macromolecules, Vol. 14, p. 352 (1981).
  11. [11] Liu, A. S., Liar, W. B. and Chiu, Y. W., “Studies on Blends of Binary Crystalline Polymers. 1. Miscibility and Crystallization Behavior in Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Polyarylates Based on Bisphenol A Isophthalate,” Macromolecules, Vol. 31, p. 6593 (1998).
  12. [12] Martuscelli, E., Silvestre, C. and Gismondi, C., “Morphology, Crystallization and Thermal Behavior of Poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(vinyl acetate) Blends,” Makromol. Chem. Vol. 186, pp. 21612176 (1985).
  13. [13] Alfonso, G. C. and Russell, T. P., “Kinetics of Crystallization in Semicrystalline/amorphous Polymer Mixtures,” Macromolecules, Vol. 19, p. 1143 (1986).
  14. [14] Greveceur, G. and Groeninckx, G., “Binary Blends of Poly(ether ether ketone) and Poly(ether imide): Miscibility, Crystallization Behavior and Semicrystalline Morphology,” Macromolecules, Vol. 24, p. 1190 (1991).
  15. [15] Cheung, Y. W. and Stein, R. S., “Critical Analysis of the Phase Behavior of Poly(caprolactone) (PCL)/ Polycarbonate (PC) Blends,” Macromolecules, Vol. 27, p. 2512 (1994).
  16. [16] Barham, P. J., Keller, A., Otun, E. L. and Holmes, P. A., “Crystallization and Morphology of a Bacterial Thermoplastic: Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate,” J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 19, pp. 27812794 (1984).
  17. [17] Griffin, G. J. L., “Chemistry and Technology of Biodegradable Polymers,” Chapman and Hall, UK, Chap. 4 (1994).
  18. [18] Verhoogt, H., Ramsay, B. A. and Favis, B. D., “Polymer Blends Containing Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s,” Polymer, Vol. 35, p. 5155 (1994).
  19. [19] Marand, H. and Collins, M., “Crystallization and Morphology of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Blends,” ACS Polym. Prepr., Vol. 31, p. 552 (1990).
  20. [20] Edie, S. L. and Marand, H., ACS Polym. Prepr., Vol. 32, p. 329 (1991).
  21. [21] Chiu, H. J., Chen, H. L. and Lin, J. S., “Crystallization Induced Microstructure of Crystalline/Crystalline Poly(vinylidenefluoride)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Blends Probed by Small Angle X-ray Scattering,” Polymer, Vol. 42, p. 5749 (2001).
  22. [22] Avella, M. and Martuscelli, E., “Poly-D-(-)(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Blends: Phase Diagram, Thermal and Crystallization Behaviour,” Polymer, Vol. 29, pp. 17311737 (1988).
  23. [23] Avella, M., Martuscelli, E. and Greco, P., “Crystallization Behaviour of Poly(ethylene oxide) from Poly(3- hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Blends. Phase Structuring, Morphology and Thermal Behaviour,” Polymer, Vol. 32, pp. 16471653 (1991).
  24. [24] Avella, M., Martuscelli, E. and Raimo, M., “Fractionated Crystallization Phenomenon in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)Poly(ethylene oxide) Blends,” Polymer, Vol. 34, pp. 32343240 (1993).
  25. [25] Penning, J. P. and Manley, R. St. J., “Miscible Blends of Two Crystalline Polymers. 2. Crystallization Kinetics and Morphology in Blends of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Poly(1,4-butylene adipate),” Macromolecules, Vol. 29, p. 84 (1996).
  26. [26] Lee, J. C., Tazawa, H., Ikehara, T. and Nishi, T., “Miscibility and Crystallization Behavior of Poly(butylene succinate) and Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blends,” Polym. J., Vol. 30, p. 327 (1998).
  27. [27] Okada, T., Saito, H. and Inoue, T., “Nonlinear Crystal Growth in the Mixture of Isotactic Polypropylene and Liquid Paraffin,” Macromolecules, Vol. 23, p. 3865 (1990).
  28. [28] Wang, T. T. and Nishi, T., “Spherulitic Crystallization in Compatible Blends of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Poly(methyl methacrylate),” Macromolecules, Vol. 10, p. 421 (1977).
  29. [29] Chiu, H. J., “Spherulitic Morphology and Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Poly(vinyl acetate) Blends,” J. Polym. Res., Vol. 9, p. 169 (2002).
  30. [30] Avrami, M., “Kinetics of Phase Change. I General Theory,” J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 7, p. 1130 (1939).
  31. [31] Avrami, M., “Kinetics of Phase Change. II Transformation-Time Relations for Random Distribution of Nuclei,” J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 8, p. 212 (1940).
  32. [32] Avrami, M., “Granulation, Phase Change, and Microstructure Kinetics of Phase Change. III,” J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 9, p. 177 (1941).
  33. [33] Hay, J. N. and Sharma, L., “Crystallisation of Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)/Polyvinyl Acetate Blends,” Polymer, Vol. 41, pp. 57495757 (2000).
  34. [34] Lisowski, M. S., Liu, Q., Cho, J. and Runt, J., “Crystallization Behavior of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Its Blends Using Time-Resolved Wide- and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering,” Macromolecules, Vol. 33, p. 4842 (2000).
  35. [35] Withey, R. E. and Hay, J. N., “The Effect of Seeding on the Crystallisation of Poly(hydroxybutyrate), and Copoly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate),” Polymer, Vol. 40, p. 5147 (1999).
  36. [36] Owen, A. J., Heinzel, J., Skibic, Z. and Divjakovic, V., “Crystallization and Melting Behaviour of PHB and PHB/HV Copolymer,” Polymer, Vol. 33, p. 1563 (1992).
  37. [37] Grenier, D. and Prud’hamme, R., “Avrami Analysis: Three Experimental Limiting Factors,” J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed., Vol. 18, p. 1655 (1980).