Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

1.30

Impact Factor

1.60

CiteScore

Shwu-Huey Yen This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.1 and Chia-Jen Wang1

1Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 251, R.O.C.


 

Received: August 11, 2005
Accepted: October 25, 2005
Publication Date: June 1, 2006

Download Citation: ||https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.2006.9.2.08  


ABSTRACT


This paper presents a digital watermarking technique based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Use the nice characteristic of the SVM, which can result an optimal hyperplane for the given training samples, the imperceptibility and robustness requirements of watermarks are fulfilled and optimized. In the proposed scheme, to improve imperceptibility, the watermark is embedded by asymmetrically tuning blue channels of the central and surrounding pixels at the same time. Furthermore, to promote robustness, the embedded watermark bits will be re-modified if necessary according to classifying result of the trained SVM. Our scheme uses only 128 bits in training SVM, thus it is time efficient. Watermarks are embedded in spatial domain and extracted directly from a watermarked image without the requirement of original image. Experiments show that the proposed scheme provides high PSNR of a watermarked images and low extraction error rate.


Keywords: Digital Watermarking, Support Vector Machines (SVMs)


REFERENCES


  1. [1] Tsai, P., Hu, Y. C. and Chang, C. C., “A Color Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Color Quantization,” Signal Processing 84, pp. 95 106 (2004).
  2. [2] Wu, D. C. and Tsai, W. H., “Embedding of Any Type of Data in Images Based on a Human Visual Model and Multiple-based Number Conversion,” Pattern Recognition Letters 20, pp. 1511 1517 (1999).
  3. [3] Kutter, M., Jordan, F. and Bossen, F., “Digital Signature of Color Images using Amplitude Modulation,” Electronics Imaging, Vol. 7, pp. 326 332 (1997).
  4. [4] Yu, P.-T., Tsai, H.-H. and Sun, D.-W., “Digital Watermarking of Color Images Using Support Vector Machines,” 2003 National Computer Symposium (NCS’03) (2003).
  5. [5] Chen, L. H. and Lin, J. J., “Mean Quantization Based Image Watermarking,” Image and Vision Computing 21, pp. 717 727 (2003).
  6. [6] Ni, R., Ruan, Q. and Cheng, H. D., “Secure Semiblind Watermarking Based on Iteration Mapping and Image Features,” Pattern Recognition 38, pp. 357 368 (2005).
  7. [7] Shieh, C. S., Huang, H. C., Wang, F. H. and Pan, J. S., “Genetic Watermarking Based on Transform-domain Techniques,” Pattern Recognition 37, pp. 555 565 (2004).
  8. [8] Shih, Frank Y. and Wu, Y.-T., “Enhancement of Image Watermark Retrieval Based on Genetic Algorithms,” Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation Vol. 16, pp. 115 133 (2005).
  9. [9] Vapnik, V. “The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory, Springer-Verlag,” New York (1995).
  10. [10] Hsu, C.-W., Chang, C.-C. and Lin, C.-J., “A Practical Guide to Support Vector Classification,” http:// www. Csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/papers/
  11. [11] Burges, C. J. C., “A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition,” Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Vol. 2, pp. 121 167 (1998).
  12. [12] Keerthi, S. S., Shevade, S. K., Bhattacharyya, C. and Murthy, K. R. K., “Improvements to Platt’s SMO Algorithm for SVM Classifier Design,” Neural Computation, Vol. 13, pp. 637 649 (2001).
  13. [13] Platt, J. C., Fast Training of Support Vector Machines Using Sequential Minimal Optimization, Advances in Kernel Methods Support Vector Learning, B. Schölkopf, C. Burges, and A. Smola, eds., MIT Press, pp. 185 208 (1999).


    



 

1.6
2022CiteScore
 
 
60th percentile
Powered by  Scopus

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Enter your name and email below to receive latest published articles in Journal of Applied Science and Engineering.