Manish Agarwal1 and Saranjit Singh This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.1
1School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India
Received: October 27, 2020 Accepted: January 25, 2021 Publication Date: August 16, 2021
Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.
The paper presents analysis of closed-die forging of eccentrically-located SiCp AMC cylindrical preforms at cold conditions using ‘UpperBound0 approach. The deformation has been considered in two subsequent stages, i.e. free barreling and constrained deformation stages. Second stage was again divided into two modes, i.e. unilateral and bilateral constrained deformations. For basic experimental analysis, the preforms were fabricated via liquid metal stir casting manufacturing route using LM6 Aluminium alloy and Silicon Carbide particles as reinforcements. These preforms were located eccentrically in the closed-die with respect to die axis and subsequently forged into double-hub flange components. The generalized expressions for velocity field, strain rates, various energy dissipations and average forging load were formulated for all the above deformation stage and results were compared with the experimental findings. It is expected that the present work will be useful for the analysis of the precision net-shape flashless closed-die forging operations at cold conditions.
Keywords: Closed-die forging, SiCp, AMC preforms, Double-hub flange component, Die load, Die-cavity fill
REFERENCES
[1] T. Altan and A.M. Sabroff. Closed-die forging - recent developments in research. Precision Metal, 44, 1970.
[2] T. Altan and V. Nagpal. Recent developments in closed die forging. Int. Metallurgical Reviews, 322, 1976.
[3] G. Nediani and T.A. Dean. Flashless forging long prismatic shapes. Proc. 21st MTDR Conf., 157, 1980.
[4] J.A. Schey. Metal deformation processes: friction and lubrication (Tribology in metalworking: lubrication, friction and wear). American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio, 1983.
[5] M K Surappa. Aluminium matrix composites: Challenges and opportunities. Sadhana - Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, 28(1-2):319–334, 2003.
[6] Karl Ulrich Kainer. Basics of Metal Matrix Composites. In Metal Matrix Composites: Custom-made Materials for Automotive and Aerospace Engineering, pages 1–54. 2006.
[7] A. N. Murashkevich, A. S. Lavitskaya, O. A. Alisienok, and I. M. Zharskii. Fabrication and properties of SiO2/TiO2 composites. Inorganic Materials, 45(10):1146–1152, oct 2009.
[8] Vlastimil Matˇejka, Yafei Lu, Long Jiao, Li Huang, Gražyna Simha Martynková, and Vladimír Tomášek. Effects of silicon carbide particle sizes on friction-wear properties of friction composites designed for car brake lining applications. Tribology International, 43(1-2):144–151, 2010.
[9] G. Sutradhar, R. Behera, A. Dutta, S. Das, K. Majumdar, and D. Chatterjee. An experimental study on the effect of silicon carbide particulates (SiCp) on the mechanical properties like machinability and forgeability of stircast aluminum alloy metal matrix composites. Indian Foundry Journal, 56(5):43–50, 2010.
[10] P.S. Mithun and M.R. Devaraj. Development of Aluminum based composite material. Int. J. Appl. Engg. Res., 6(1):121–130, 2011.
[11] S Szczepanik and T. Sleboda. The influence of the hot deformation and heat treatment on the properties of P/M Al-Cu composites. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 60(1-4):729–733, 1996.
[12] S. Singh, S. Chand, S. Roy, and P. Chandrasekhar. Influence of Dispersoid Content on Compressibility, Sinterability and Mechanical Behaviour of B4C/BN Reinforced Al6061 metal matrix hybrid composites fabricated via mechanical alloying. Metals and Materials Int., 2020.
[13] A Male J. Inst. Met. and Undefined 1964. A method for the determination of the coefficient of friction of metals under conditions of bulk plastic deformation. Wear, 9(3):241, 1966.
[14] T. O. Olsen. Estimation of friction factor and flow stress in forging processes. In Elsevier, pages 1861–1866, 1982.
[15] P Chandrasekhar, Sudipta Chand, and Saranjit Singh. Investigation of dynamic effects during cold upsetforging of Silicon Carbide particulate reinforced Aluminium metal matrix composite preforms. In Materials Today: Proceedings, volume 5, pages 20201–20209, 2018.
[16] Ha Kuhn and C.L. Downey. Deformation characteristics and plasticity theory of sintered powder materials. International Journal of Powder Metallurgy (Princeton, New Jersey), 7(1):15–25, 1971.
[17] B. W. Rooks. Effect of die temperature on metal flow and die wear during high-speed hot forging. In Springer, pages 487–494, 1975.
We use cookies on this website to personalize content to improve your user experience and analyze our traffic. By using this site you agree to its use of cookies.