Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

1.30

Impact Factor

1.60

CiteScore

Masoud Goharimanesh1 , Ali Lashkaripour2 and Aliakbar Akbari This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.1

1Mechanical Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States of America


 

Received: May 13, 2015
Accepted: December 1, 2015
Publication Date: June 1, 2016

Download Citation: ||https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.2016.19.2.02  


ABSTRACT


In this modern technological age, one of the challenges facing the transportation industry, is finding a less polluting substitute for diesel. Meanwhile, any kind of fuel due to the cetane number specified in a diesel cycle cannot be utilized. One of the alternatives for this is biodiesel which is indirectly obtained from animal fat in the presence of alcohol. Cost of biodiesel is more than that of conventional fuels; therefore, optimization of industrial production of biodiesel is with major importance. There are several methods to obtain the optimum temperature for biodiesel production process. In this paper, genetic algorithm, as one of the strongest evolutionary algorithms, has been applied to biodiesel production to obtain the best reaction parameters. Moreover, in order to have a robust optimization, multi objective genetic algorithm is employed. The achieved temperature point for maximizing biodiesel production was a wide range of temperature which can be illustrated as Pareto front to help making the final decision. This study was aimed to maximize the amount of Ester and Alcohol in this production and minimize the other products. This result can define a new strategy for industrial biodiesel production planning.


Keywords: Fuel, Biodiesel, Triglycerides, Methyl Ester, Optimization, Genetic Algorithm


REFERENCES


  1. [1] A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2002).
  2. [2] Peterson, C., Wagner, G. and Auld, D., “Vegetable Oil Substitutes for Diesel Fuel.,” Transactions of the ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers), Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 322327, 332 (1983). doi: 10.13031/2013. 33929
  3. [3] Sheehan, J., et al., Life Cycle Inventory of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel for Use in an Urban Bus, Final Report, National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (US) (1998).
  4. [4] Zhang, Y., et al., “Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: 2. Economic Assessment and Sensitivity Analysis,” Bioresource Technology, Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 229240 (2003). doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00 150-0
  5. [5] Zhang, Y. A., et al., “Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: 1. Process Design and Technological Assessment,” Bioresource Technology, Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 116 (2003). doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00040-3
  6. [6] Knothe, G., Historical Perspectives on Vegetable Oilbased Diesel Fuels, Inform, Vol. 12, No. 11, pp. 1103 1107 (2001).
  7. [7] Severson, K., Martín, M., and Grossmann, I. E., “Optimal Integration for Biodiesel Production Using Bioethanol,” AIChE Journal, Vol. 59, pp. 834844 (2013). doi: 10.1002/aic.13865
  8. [8] Bradihaw, G. B. and Meuly, W. C., U.S. Patent 2,271,619A (1942).
  9. [9] Bradshaw, G. B, “New Soap Process, Soap,” May, 18, pp. 2324 (1942).
  10. [10] Bradshaw, G. B. and Meuly, W. C., U.S. Patent No. 2,360,844A (1944).
  11. [11] Kreutzer, U. R., “Manufacture of Fatty Alcohols Based on Natural Fats and Oils,” Journal of the American Oil Chemists’Society, Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 343348 (1984). doi: 10.1007/BF02678792
  12. [12] Gerpen, J. V., “Biodiesel Processing and Production,” Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 86, No. 10, pp. 1097 1107 (2005). doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.11.005
  13. [13] Haas, M. J., et al., “Production of FAME from Acid Oil, a by-product of Vegetable Oil Refining,” Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 97102 (2003). doi: 10.1007/s11746-003-0658-4
  14. [14] Kawashima, A., Matsubara, K. and Honda, K., “Development of Heterogeneous Base Catalysts for Biodiesel Production,” Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99, No. 9, pp. 34393443 (2008). doi: 10.1016/j.biortech. 2007.08.009
  15. [15] Saka, S. and Kusdiana, D., “Biodiesel Fuel from Rapeseed Oil as Prepared in Supercritical Methanol,” Fuel, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 225231 (2001). doi: 10.1016/S0016- 2361(00)00083-1
  16. [16] Kusdiana, D. and Saka, S., “Kinetics of Transesterification in Rapeseed Oil to Biodiesel Fuel as Treated in Supercritical Methanol,” Fuel, Vol. 80, No. 5, pp. 693 698 (2001). doi: 10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00140-X
  17. [17] Dasari, M. A., Goff, M. J. and Suppes, G. J., “Noncatalytic Alcoholysis Kinetics of Soybean Oil,” Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 189192 (2003). doi: 10.1007/s11746-003-0675-3
  18. [18] Ju, Y.-H., et al., “Synthesis of Biodiesel in Subcritical Water and Methanol,” Fuel (2012). doi: 10.1016/j. fuel.2012.05.061
  19. [19] Agarwal, M., et al., “Study of Catalytic Behavior of KOH as Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production,” Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 8994 (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.jtice.2011.06.003
  20. [20] Guan, F., et al., “Combination of Two Lipases More Efficiently Catalyzes Methanolysis of Soybean Oil for Biodiesel Production in Aqueous Medium,” Process Biochemistry, Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 16771682 (2010). doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.06.021
  21. [21] Leung, D. Y., Wu, X. and Leung, M., “A Review on Biodiesel Production Using Catalyzed Transesterification,” Applied Energy, Vol. 87, No. 4, p. 10831095 (2010). doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.10.006
  22. [22] Maçaira, J., et al., “Biodiesel Production Using Supercritical Methanol/Carbon Dioxide Mixtures in a Continuous Reactor,” Fuel, Vol. 90, No. 6, pp. 22802288 (2011). doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.02.017
  23. [23] Freedman, B., Pryde, E. and Mounts, T., “Variables Affecting the Yields of Fatty Esters from Transesterified Vegetable Oils,” Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Vol. 61, No. 10, pp. 16381643 (1984). doi: 10.1007/BF02541649
  24. [24] Lee, M., et al., “Improvement of Enzymatic Biodiesel Production by Controlled Substrate Feeding Using Silica Gel in Solvent Free System,” Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 402406 (2011). doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.06.020
  25. [25] Lin, Y.-H., et al., “The Influence of Free Fatty Acid Intermediate on Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil By Whole Cell Biocatalyst,” Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 22172223 (2011). doi: 10.1016/j. biombioe.2011.02.039
  26. [26] Anitescu, G. and Bruno, T. J., “Fluid Properties needed in Supercritical Transesterification of Triglyceride Feedstocks to Biodiesel Fuels for Efficient and Clean Combustion A Review,” The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol. 63, pp. 133149 (2012). doi: 10.1016/j. supflu.2011.11.020
  27. [27] Zhou, W., Konar, S. K. and Boocock, D. G., “Ethyl Esters from the Single-phase Base-catalyzed Ethanolysis of Vegetable Oils,” Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 367371 (2003). doi: 10.1007/s11746-003-0705-1
  28. [28] Boocock, D. G., et al., “Fast Formation of High-purity Methyl Esters from Vegetable Oils,” Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Vol. 75, No. 12, pp. 11671172 (1998). doi: 10.1007/s11746-998-0307-1
  29. [29] Boocock, D. G. B., Konar, S. K., Mao, V., Lee, C. and Buligan, S., “Fast Formation of High-purity Methyl Esters from Vegetable Oils,” Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Vol. 75, pp. 11671172 (1998). doi: 10.1007/s11746-998-0307-1
  30. [30] Kawahara, Y. and Ono, T., U.S. Patent No. 4,164,506A (1979). [31] Guzatto, R., De Martini, T. L. and Samios, D., “The Use of a Modified TDSP for Biodiesel Production from Soybean, Linseed and Waste Cooking Oil,” Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 92, No. 10, pp. 20832088 (2011). doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.06.013
  31. [32] Kiss, A. A. and Ignat, R. M., “Enhanced Methanol Recovery and Glycerol Separation in Biodiesel ProductionDWC Makes it Happen,” Applied Energy (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.04.019
  32. [33] Benavides, P. T. and Diwekar, U., “Optimal Control of Biodiesel Production in a Batch Reactor: Part I: Deterministic Control,” Fuel, Vol. 94, pp. 211217 (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.035
  33. [34] Tabernero, A., Martín del Valle, E. M. and Galán, M. A., “Evaluating the Industrial Potential of Biodiesel from a Microalgae Heterotrophic Culture: Scale-up and Economics,” Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 63, pp. 104115 (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.11.006 
  34. [35] Kiss, A. A. and Ignat, R. M., “Enhanced Methanol Recovery and Glycerol Separation in Biodiesel Production DWC Makes it Happen,” Applied Energy, Vol. 99, pp. 146153 (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012. 04.019
  35. [36] Ilham, Z. and Saka, S., “Optimization of Supercritical Dimethyl Carbonate Method for Biodiesel Production,” Fuel, Vol. 97, pp. 670677 (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.fuel. 2012.02.066
  36. [37] Huang, D., Zhou, H. and Lin, L., “Biodiesel: an Alternative to Conventional Fuel,” Energy Procedia, Vol. 16, Part C, pp. 18741885 (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.egypro. 2012.01.287
  37. [38] Wali, W. A., et al., “Online Genetic-ANFIS Temperature Control for Advanced Microwave Biodiesel Reactor,” Journal of Process Control, Vol. 22, No. 7, pp. 12561272 (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.jprocont.2012.05. 013