Kusnadi1, Suprihatin2This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Farah Fahma2, Ono Suparno2, and Nastiti Siswi Indrasti2
1Doctorate Program in Agro-Industrial Engineering, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, 16680
2Department of Agro-Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, 16680
Received: June 17, 2023 Accepted: September 30, 2023 Publication Date: November 5, 2023
Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.
Crab is an exotic marine fishery commodity whose demand is increasing significantly in Indonesia. However, the industry also produces much waste in the form of crab shells, reaching 52.59% of its total weight. This waste (often called by-product) can be processed into several products with economic value such as chitosan, liquid organic fertilizer, and animal feed. This study assesses the environmental impact of crab shells processed into chitosan, liquid organic fertilizer, and animal feed. The study was carried out using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach with cradle-to-gate scope. The environmental impacts were observed consisting of some aspects such as Global Warming Potentials (GWP), Acidification Potentials (AP), Eutrophication Potentials (EP), and Cumulative Energy Demand (CED). The three-alternative utilization of crab shells produces environmental impacts resulting from fishing, transportation, and processing of the crab shells into these products. Afterward, the results of this study indicate that the crab shells processed into liquid fertilizer have the highest emission according to the GWP, AP, and CED values compared to the other by-product alternatives (i.e., chitosan and fertilizer). Whilst, the highest EP is produced by the processing of CS-based animal feed. These results can potentially become a consideration in making environmental policy by the local government, especially in Karawang Region.
Keywords: Acidification; Global Warming; Crab Shells; Cumulative Energy Demand; Eutrophication; Life Cycle Assessment
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