Chein-Ho Huang This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.¹, Wen-Yung Shu² , Hsien-Ming Wu² , Hsiou-Jeng Shy² and Shirley C. Wei³

¹Chemistry Department, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan 111, ROC
²Materials & Electro-Optics Research Division of Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Lung-Tan, Taiwan, ROC
³Poliyen Company, Hershey, PA, USA

REFERENCES

1. [1] Ruetschi, P., “Cation-Vacancy Model for MnO2,” J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 131, pp. 27372744 (1984).
2. [2] Gotoh, T., Abe, F., Ishizu, T. and Yoshio, M., “Effect of the Addition of Silver Compoinds During the Pyrolysis of Manganese Nitrate on Tantalum Anodic Oxide Film,” J. Power Sources, Vol. 60, pp. 193196 (1996).
3. [3] Preisler, E., “Electrodeposited Manganese Dioxide with Preferred Crystal Growth,” J. Appl. Electrochem., Vol. 6, pp. 301310 (1976).
4. [4] Klose, P. H., “Electrical Properties of Manganese Dioxide and Manganese Sesquioxide,” J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 117, pp. 854858 (1970).
5. [5] Li, W. S., Jiang, L. C. and Huang, Z. T., “Preparation of Manganese Dioxide Using Ag+ Ions as an Electrocatalyst,” J. Power Sources, Vol. 69, pp. 8187 (1997).
6. [6] Inazu, K., Kitahara, M. and Aika, K., “Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate in Aqueous Solution Using Supported Platinum Catalysts,” Catalysis Today, Vol. 9395, pp. 263271 (2004).
7. [7] Gassa, L. M., Mishima, H. T., Lppez, B. A., Mishima, De and Vilche, J. R., “An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study of Electrodeposited Manganese Oxide Films in Borate Buffers,” Electrochimica Acta., Vol. 42, pp. 17171723 (1997).
8. [8] Preisler, E., “Semiconductor Properties of Manganese Dioxide,” J. Appl. Electrochem., Vol. 6, pp. 311320 (1976).
9. [9] Hahn, R. S., Melody, B. J., Kinard, J. T. and Wheeler, D. A., “Thermal Treatment Process for Value Metal Nitride Electrolytic Capacitors having Manganese Oxide Cathodes,” U.S. Patent, 6, 214, 271 (2001).
10. [10] Nartey, V. K., Binder, L. and Huber, A., “Production and Characterisation of Titanium Doped Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide for Use in Rechargeable Alkaline Zinc/Manganese Dioxide Batteries,” J. Power Sources, Vol. 87, pp. 205211 (2000).
11. [11] Schlorb, H., Bungs, M. and Plieth, W., “Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies of Manganese Oxides with Spinel Structure in Aqueous Electrolyte (9M KOH),” Electrochemica Acta, Vol. 42, pp. 26192625 (1997).
12. [12] Walanda, D. K., Lawrance G. A. and Donne, S. W., “Hydrothermal MnO2: Synthesis, Structure, Morphology and Discharge Performance,” J. Power Sources, Vol. 139 pp. 325341 (2005).
13. [13] Abbas, H. and Nasser, S. A., “Hydroxyl as a Defect of the Manganese Dioxide Lattice and its Applications to the Dry Cell Battery,” J. Power Sources, Vol. 58, pp. 1521 (1996).
14. [14] Kuwabara, K., Hanafusa, K. and Sugiyama, K., J. Electrochem. Soc., “MnO2 for Solid Electrolyte Cells,” Vol. 136, pp. 319323 (1989).
15. [15] Qu, D., “Investigation of the Porosity of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxde and its Performance as Alkaline Cathode Material,” J. Power Sources, Vol. 156, pp. 692699 (2006).