Geometric Invariant Semi-fragile Image Watermarking Using Real Symmetric Matrix

Ching-Tang Hsieh; Yeh-Kuang Wu; Kuo-Ming Hung

doi:10.6180/jase.2007.10.3.04

Geometric Invariant Semi-fragile Image Watermarking Using Real Symmetric Matrix

Ching-Tang Hsieh This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.¹, Yeh-Kuang Wu¹ and Kuo-Ming Hung²

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 251, R.O.C.
²Department of Information Management, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 338, R.O.C.

Received: January 17, 2006
Accepted: May 9, 2006
Publication Date: September 1, 2007

Download Citation: ||https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.2007.10.3.04

ABSTRACT

In order to improve the detection of malicious tampering of images, it is necessary to decrease the fragility of hidden watermarks, even for digital images which have been distorted incidentally. However, watermarks are sensitive to geometric distortions. In this paper, we propose a new invariant semi-fragile digital watermarking technique based on eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real symmetric matrix generated by the four pixel-pair. And the multi-rings Zernike transform (MRZT) is proposed to achieve geometric invariance. A signature bit for detecting malicious tampering of an image is generated using the dominant eigenvector. The MRZT method is against the geometric distortions even when the image is under malicious attacks. The experimental results show that this algorithm can resist high quality JPEG compression, and improve the detection performance of various malicious tampering.

Keywords: Semi-fragile Watermark, Real Symmetric Matrix, Eigenvlaue, Geometric Invariance, Zernike Transform

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