Chandrasekhar Udayagiri 1, Milind Kulkarni2 , Balasubramanian Esakki1 , Sarasu Pakiriswamy1 and Lung-Jieh Yang3
1Vel Tech University, Avadi, Chennai, India
2Engineering Staff College of India, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
3Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 251, R.O.C.
Received:
September 30, 2015
Accepted:
December 21, 2015
Publication Date:
March 1, 2016
Download Citation:
||https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.2016.19.1.03
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of exploratory studies for facilitating the direct use of 3D printed parts in design and development of micro aerial vehicles (MAV). 3D printing processes of stereolithography and fused deposition modeling are investigated as the candidate prototyping options. Custom developed electro-chemical and mechanical processes are used to deposit thin structural nickel coatings on 3D printed test specimens and MAV parts. Residual stress and mechanical strength of coated 3D printed specimens are evaluated through experimental methods. Considerable improvement is realized in tensile and impact performance of the coated 3D printed parts. Findings from this study enable the MAV research teams to work with multiple design options and arrive at optimal solutions without severe time and cost penalties that are typically associated with conventional manufacturing procedures.
Keywords:
Stereolithography, Fused Deposition Modeling, Electro Deposition, Micro Aerial Vehicles, Residual Stress, Design Iteration
REFERENCES
- [1] Pines, D. J. and Bohorquez, F., “Challenges Facing Future Micro Air Vehicle Development,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 290294 (2006). doi: 10.2514/ 1.4922
- [2] Gramseyer, J. and Keenon, M., “Development of the Black Widow Micro Air Vehicle,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 12, pp. 197199 (2001). doi: 10.2514/6.2001-127
- [3] Ifju, P., Ettinger, S., Jenkins, D. and Martinez, L., “Composite Materials for Micro Air Vehicles,” SAMPE Journal, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 713 (2001).
- [4] ThulasiDurai, D., et al., “Grid Based Construction of a Composite Micro Air Vehicle Airframe,” Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 134143 (2010).
- [5] Mohammad, V., Hermann, S. and Shoufeng, Y., “A Review on 3D Micro-additive Manufacturing Technologies,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 67, No. 58, pp. 1721 1754 (2013). doi: 10.1007/s00170-013-4962-5
- [6] Chua, C. K., Chou, S. M. and Wong, T. S., “A Study of the State-of-the-art Rapid Prototyping Technologies,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 146152 (1998). doi: 10.1007/BF01322222
- [7] Hague, R., Mansour, S. and Saleh, N., “Material and Design Consideration for Rapid Manufacturing,” International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 42, No. 22, pp. 46914695 (2004). doi: 10.1080/0020784 0410001733940
- [8] Heyes, A. L. and Smith, D. A. R., “Rapid Technique for Wind-tunnel Model Manufacture,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 413420 (2004). doi: 10.2514/ 1.4730
- [9] Dulieu, M., Barton, J. and Fulton, M. C., “Mechanical Properties of a Typical Stereolithography Resin,” Journal of Strain, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 8188 (2000). doi: 10. 1111/j.1475-1305.2000.tb01177.x
- [10] Saleh, N., Hopkinson, N., Hague, R. F. M. and Wise, S., “Effects of Electroplating on the Mechanical Properties of Stereolithography and Laser Sintered Parts,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 305 312 (2004). doi: 10.1108/13552540410562340
- [11] Ge, J., Turunen, M. P. K. and Kivilahti, J. K., “Surface Modification and Characterisation of Photodefinable Epoxy/Copper System,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 440, No. 1, pp. 198208 (2003). doi: 10.1016/S0040-6090(03) 00851-4
- [12] Sam, S., Alfons, V., Etienne, S. and Andre, V. C., “Influence of Chemical Pre-treatment of Epoxy Polymer on the Adhesion Strength of Electrochemically Deposited Cu,” Journal of Electro Chemical Society, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 133146 (2004). doi: 10.1149/1.1639159
- [13] Zhou, Z., Li, D., Zeng, J. and Zhang, Z., “Rapid Fabrication of Metal-coated Composite Stereolithography Parts,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture., Vol. 9, pp. 14311440 (2007). doi: 10.1243/095 44054JEM827
- [14] McCullough, E. J. and Yadavalli, V. K., “Surface Modification of Fused Deposition Modeling ABS to Enable Rapid Prototyping of Biomedical Micro Devices,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 213, No. 6, pp. 947954 (2013). doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec. 2012.12.015