Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

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Data Privacy Protection and Secure Transmission Strategies for Distributed Sensor Networks in Urban Water Environment Monitoring

 2026

 Volume 35

Ning Zhang and Tianchu Shu

Ecological Municipal Institute, CAUPD Beijing Planning and Design consultants LTD, Haidian 100044, Beijing, China

Received: July 21, 2026
Accepted: August 08, 2026
Publication Date: August 26, 2026

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SPST-WSN Overall Architecture

 Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.

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Urban water environment monitoring relies on large-scale distributed sensor networks continuously collecting multi-source water quality data – pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and temperature. High-density node access, edge-gateway forwarding, and centralized cloud analysis expose these systems to data leakage, node spoofing, eavesdropping, replay, tampering, and inference of sensitive patterns, and a single encrypted channel cannot satisfy privacy, security, and scalability together. This study proposes SPST-WSN, a scalable privacy-preserving secure transmission framework integrating adaptive differential privacy, lightweight encryption, dynamic session-key updates, timestamp/nonce verification, MAC-based integrity verification, and link-risk-aware routing across sensor nodes, edge gateways, secure routing, and a cloud platform. In simulations, as node scale grows from 100 to 1500, latency reaches about 168 ms-43.8% lower than blockchain-based methods. with throughput above 760 packets/s. Under 30% attack intensity, delivery rate remains 92.4%, privacy leakage risk falls to 0.18 at budget 0.5, and detection rates for tampering, replay, and spoofing reach 96.8%, 95.9%, and 94.7%. SPST-WSN improves privacy, security, anomaly detection, and scalability while preserving utility for urban rivers, outfalls, lakes, and pipe networks.

Keywords: Urban water environment monitoring, distributed sensor network, privacy protection, secure transmission, edge computing, differential privacy, scalable information system

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