Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

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Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Synthesis of Silicon Carbide from Rice Husk with Magnesium Additive

 2026

 Volume 32

Kieu Do Trung Kien1,2, and Huynh Ngoc Minh1,2

1Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Dien Hong Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Received: February 15, 2026
Accepted: April 14, 2026
Publication Date: May 11, 2026

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Schematic of the experimental procedure for synthesizing and purifying SiC 

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Silicon carbide is an advanced ceramic material widely used in structural and electronic applications due to its high thermal stability, mechanical strength, and wide bandgap properties. In this study, SiC was synthesized from rice husk through a magnesium-assisted carbothermal reduction process to reduce the reaction temperature compared with conventional methods. The SiO2 content in the precursor mixture was adjusted by incorporating synthesized silica gel, while magnesium powder was introduced as a reducing additive. The influence of calcination temperature (500-1300◦C) on phase evolution, SiC formation, and microstructural development was systematically investigated. The results indicate that calcination temperature plays a crucial role in controlling SiC formation. A significant increase in the SiC yield was observed when the calcination temperature
increased from 900◦C ( 8.25wt.% ) to 1100◦C (18.94 wt.%), identifying 1100◦C as the optimal condition within the studied range. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of intermediate and secondary phases, including MgO, Mg2Si, Mg2SiO4, and residual SiO2 during the reaction process. Post-synthesis acid treatment effectively removed these Mg-containing compounds and unreacted silica. Consequently, the purity of the SiC product synthesized at 1100◦C improved substantially from 18.94wt.% to 94.02wt.%, as further confirmed by corresponding XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses. These findings demonstrate that magnesium-assisted synthesis enables SiC formation at considerably lower temperatures than the traditional carbothermal process, offering a promising approach for energy-efficient and sustainable production of SiC from agricultural waste.

Keywords: silicon carbide, rice husk, magnesium, carbothermal reduction, calcination temperature

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