Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

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Reduced-Density Concrete with Non-Expanded Sintered Clay Artificial Aggregate

 2027

 Volume 36

Sella Yuniar Marlianti and Tavio

Department of Civil Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

Received: June 13, 2026
Accepted: September 03, 2026
Publication Date: October 09, 2026

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Multi-mechanical performance of reduced-density concrete with non-expanded clay-based ALWA.

 Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.

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This study evaluates reduced-density concrete incorporating non-expanded sintered clay artificial lightweight aggregate (ALWA) produced with coconut fiber ash and rice husk ash. Four coarse-aggregate substitution levels of 0%, 35%, 50%, and 100% by volume were tested for unit weight, compressive strength, and flexural strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. The ALWA exhibited a specific gravity of 1.62 g/cm³ and water absorption of 27.49%, indicating a porous but mechanically viable aggregate. The 50% ALWA mixture achieved the best balance between density and mechanical performance, reaching 24.19 MPa compressive strength and 7.12 MPa flexural strength at 28 days, with a density of 2,210 kg/m³. All ALWA mixtures exceeded the 17.24 MPa compressive-strength criterion used in SNI 03-3449-2002, although their densities remained above the structural lightweight-concrete limit commonly adopted in ACI 213R-14. The measured modulus-of-rupture-to-compressive-strength ratios exceeded ACI 318-19 and SNI 2847:2019 predictions under the ASTM C293 center-point loading configuration used in this study. The results support 50% ALWA replacement as a resource-efficient reduced-density concrete option for applications requiring moderate self-weight reduction, subject to further durability and serviceability verification.

Keywords: Coconut fiber ash, Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Resource efficiency, Rice husk ash, Structural classification

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