Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

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Correlative Comparison of Temperature-Dependent Viscosity Models for Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

 2026

 Volume 35

Hussain A. Al-Mazidi, Muhieddine Safa, Xiaoliang Ma, Rawan W. Al-Mejren, Reem Al-Farzan

Petroleum Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait

Received: June 15, 2026
Accepted: August 05, 2026
Publication Date: September 16, 2026

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Viscosity-Temperature Data Points of the ChCl-Based DESs Involved in this Work

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Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are an emerging class of designer solvents having tunable physicochemical properties. Accurate prediction of DES viscosity is crucial in practical applications, making an accuracy comparison of currently available temperature-dependent viscosity models of paramount importance. The present study evaluated 11 temperature-dependent viscosity models in correlating the temperature-dependent viscosity behavior of choline chloride-based (ChCl) DESs. The models’ goodness-of-fit was evaluated based on the literature viscosity data of 87 ChCl-based DESs having 33 unique hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) at different molar ratios. Five additional ChCl-based DESs with five different HBDs were prepared and their viscosity at several temperatures was measured to expand upon the viscosity-temperature data evaluation, specifically in the high viscosity range. Among all temperature-dependent viscosity models, the modified Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) model (TM-7) was found to be the optimal correlative temperature-dependent viscosity model for the considered dataset, achieving an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) value of 1.19% and proving to be slightly advantageous over the classic VFT model. Among the two-parameter temperature-dependent viscosity models, the ASTM viscosity-temperature correlation (TM-3) was found to be the optimal model, achieving an AARD value of 1.86%. The correlative results imply considering the usage of TM-7 or TM-3 in future studies when predicting the temperature-dependent viscosity behavior of ChCl-based DESs.

Keywords: Deep Eutectic Solvent, DES, Correlation, Viscosity, Temperature, Choline Chloride

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