Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

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A Blockchain-Based Distributed Solution for Intelligent Sports Equipment Operation and Maintenance Training Data Provenance and Privacy Protection

 2026

 Volume 35

Youliang Han1, Wenguang Geng2

1Jiangsu Maritime Institute, Sports department, Nanjing, 211170, China

2Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Received: July 21, 2026
Accepted: August 14, 2026
Publication Date: September 06, 2026

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Architecture of the blockchain-enabled distributed sports training data provenance and privacy protection system

 Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.

Download Citation: BibTeX | http://dx.doi.org/10.6180/jase.202612_35.014

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As intelligent sports equipment and edge terminals become widely deployed, the O&M and training data they generate are collected at high frequency and shared across organizations, yet centralized storage cannot support tamper traceability, privacy, access control, or scalability. This study proposes BSVP-Chain, treating blockchain as an evidence-anchoring layer cooperating with edge preprocessing and off-chain storage rather than a raw-data warehouse, using a four-layer architecture (acquisition, edge preprocessing, off-chain storage, blockchain evidence anchoring/audit) that reduces exposure via edge cleaning, lowers on-chain load via Merkle-tree batch anchoring, and combines smart contracts, ABAC, and differential privacy for authorization and statistical privacy. In simulations with 1 million records, BSVP-Chain cut storage latency by 78.6% and on-chain storage by 96.7% versus full-chain, sustained 380 ms latency under 500 nodes/10,000 concurrent requests, intercepted 99.1% of unauthorized accesses, and limited false-release to 0.7%.

Keywords: blockchain; intelligent sports equipment; operation and maintenance data; training data; privacy protection; smart contracts; access control.

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