Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

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Mechanism and Simulation Analysis of Dynamic Balancing of a Hollow Shaft Based on Machining Datum-Axis Correction

 2026

 Volume 34

Guiquan Zhong, Xiaolin Yu, and Hui Han

School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

Received: June 26, 2026
Accepted: July 19, 2026
Publication Date: August 05, 2026

上傳圖片

Geometry and finite element discretization of the stepped hollow shaft 

 Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.

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To reduce unbalance in thin-walled hollow shafts without local material removal, a dynamic balancing method based on machining datum-axis correction is proposed. The method adjusts the left- and right-end machining datums during outer cylindrical finishing, causing the generated outer cylindrical axis to translate and tilt relative to the original datum axis. The existing machining allowance is thus redistributed continuously in the circumferential and axial directions, producing an equivalent compensating unbalance through the shifted centroid of the removed layer. The geometric relationship among datum correction, sectional correction vectors, and depth-of-cut variation is established. A compensation model for static and couple unbalances is derived for a constant-diameter shaft and extended to a stepped hollow shaft by considering the contributions of segment radius, length, and axial position. A Timoshenko-beam finite element model is then used to evaluate the effects of correction magnitude and direction angle on residual unbalance and synchronous vibration. The results show that correction magnitude mainly controls compensation amplitude, whereas direction angle determines compensation orientation. For the selected correction combination, continuous increased and decreased depth-of-cut regions are formed on the outer surface. At 10,000 r/min, the left and right synchronous vibration amplitudes decrease by 77.50% and 75.52%, respectively; reductions are also observed at 15,000 and 20,000 r/min.

Keywords: hollow shaft; dynamic balancing; machining datum axis; residual unbalance; synchronous vibration

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