Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

Published by Tamkang University Press

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Neodymium magnet rotating speed-assisted Cu electroplating in sulfate solution over an Al alloy substrate to enhance corrosion resistance, hardness characteristics, and antibacterial properties

 2026

 Volume 33

Basori1, Ruliyanta2, Maman Kartaman Ajiriyanto3, Juan Carlos Sihotang3, Yusuf Gigih Wicaksono3, Sigit Dwi Yudanto4, Evi Ulina Margareta Situmorang5, Daniel Edbert6, Cahaya Rosyidan7, Dwi Nanto8, and Ferry Budhi Susetyo9

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, 12520, Indonesia

2Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, 12520, Indonesia

3Research Center for Nuclear Material and Radioactive Waste Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia

4Research Center for Metallurgy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia

5Department of Physiology School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 14440, Indonesia

6Department of Microbiology School of Medicine and Health Sciences Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 14440, Indonesia

7Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, 11440, Indonesia

8Department of Physics Education, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, 15412, Indonesia

9Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia

Received: December 13, 2025
Accepted: April 29, 2026
Publication Date: June 27, 2026

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Rotating magnetic influence apparatus [12]

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Copper (Cu) coatings enhance the corrosion resistance, hardness, and antibacterial properties of aluminum (Al). To further optimize these traits, this study electroplated Cu onto an Al alloy under a rotating neodymium magnet at various speeds. The resulting pure, face-centered cubic (FCC) Cu films were comprehensively characterized. Results indicated that increasing the magnetic rotation speed decreased the deposition rate, current efficiency, and crystallite size, while simultaneously increasing the film’s hardness, grain size, and corrosion potential. Ultimately, a magnetic rotation of 250 rpm proved optimal, producing a compact Cu film with maximum hardness, corrosion resistance, and bacterial inhibition.

Keywords: surface morphology, crystallographic orientation, sodium chloride, Vickers, gram-positive bacteria

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