{"id":9693,"date":"2026-08-05T21:58:17","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T13:58:17","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&p=9693"},"modified":"2026-08-06T23:18:01","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T15:18:01","slug":"jase-202611-34-023","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=jase-202611-34-023","title":{"rendered":"Performance of a coconut fiber-packed down-flow hanging filter for lower-strength swine wastewater treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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<\/i> 2026<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/i> Volume 34<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Nguyen Thien Tai1,2<\/sup>, Nguyen Thi Mai Phuong1,2<\/sup>, Phan Nhu Nguyet1,2<\/sup><\/i><\/a>, Nguyen Ai Le1,2<\/sup>, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Nhu1,2<\/sup>, and Ta Huynh Nhi1,2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>Faculty of Environment, University of Science (HCMUS), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/sup>Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Received: February 24, 2026
Accepted: July 22, 2026
Publication Date: August 05, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Graphical Abtract<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/i> Copyright <\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Download Citation:\u00a0 BibTeX <\/a>| http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202611_34.023<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Swine farming generates large volumes of wastewater requiring treatment before discharge. In small-scale Vietnamese farms, barn flushing dilutes biogas digester effluents, producing lower-strength wastewater that still exceeds discharge standards. This study evaluated a down-flow hanging filter (DHF) reactor packed with coconut fiber for the treatment of such lower-strength swine wastewater (chemical oxygen demand (COD): 741.90\u00b125.98 mg\/L; biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5): 127.93\u00b14.01 mg\/L; total nitrogen (TN): 44.67\u00b12.92 mg N\/L; total phosphorus (TP): 35.77\u00b12.21 mg P\/L). Two parallel reactors were operated: a coconut fiber packed reactor (DHF1) and an unpacked control (DHF0). During stable operation (days 15-44), DHF1 achieved removal efficiencies of 77.05\u00b110.03% for COD, 79.30\u00b17.06% for BOD5, 56.05\u00b18.38% for TN, and 63.82\u00b17.44% for TP, significantly higher than those of DHF0 (54.45\u00b17.11%, 39.83\u00b113.16%, 35.07\u00b17.76%, and 35.53\u00b18.53%, respectively). The improved treatment performance of DHF1 was associated with enhanced biomass retention within the coconut fiber matrix. First-order kinetic analysis further confirmed that coconut fiber packing enhanced apparent first-order rate constants (k) by 1.9-3.1-fold across all parameters compared to the unpacked control, providing concentration-independent evidence of enhanced reactor performance applicable to system design and scale-up. These results indicate that coconut fiber is a sustainable and biodegradable alternative for decentralized post-treatment of lower-strength swine wastewater from small-scale farms with diluted effluents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords: Down-flow hanging filter; Coconut fiber; Lower-strength wastewater; Small-scale farms; Organic matter removal; Nutrient removal<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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