{"id":9676,"date":"2026-08-05T21:50:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T13:50:56","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&#038;p=9676"},"modified":"2026-08-06T22:57:33","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T14:57:33","slug":"jase-202611-34-006","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=jase-202611-34-006","title":{"rendered":"Integrated Rehabilitation of Corrosion-Damaged RC Beams: Enhancing Flexural Capacity and Failure Predictability with Grout and Externally Bonded GFRP"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row article-info\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=807\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"807\">2026<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder-open\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=9439\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"9439\">Volume 34<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-6 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div dv_publish\" data-aos=\"normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-05T21:50:56+08:00\">2026-08-05<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-5 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div au-ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Jasman Yusuf<sup>1<\/sup><a href=\"mailto:jasmanyusuf70@gmail.com\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a> and Achmad Zultan Mansur<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>1<\/sup>Civil Engineering Department of Muhammadiyah Parepare University, Parepare, 91131, Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>2<\/sup>Civil Engineering Department of Borneo Tarakan University, Tarakan, 77123, Indonesia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Received: March 29, 2026<br>Accepted:&nbsp;July 11, 2026<br>Publication Date:&nbsp;August 05, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-7 align-self-start clk=\u5716\u7247\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/34_006.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid img-fluid mx-auto d-block\" alt=\"\u4e0a\u50b3\u5716\u7247\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Specimen Detail.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><i class=\"fab fa-creative-commons\"><\/i>&nbsp;<strong>Copyright&nbsp;<\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download Citation:\u00a0 <a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/V34.0006.txt\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"9768\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BibTeX <\/a>| <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202611_34.006\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202611_34.006<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary article-btn\"><a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/006_2026_0645_V34.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"9640\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Corrosion-induced deterioration in reinforced concrete structures poses a critical threat to structural integrity and service life. This study investigates the effectiveness of an integrated rehabilitation strategy that combines geometric restoration using high strength, non-shrink grout (Sikagrout 215) with flexural strengthening via externally bonded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites on beams damaged by simulated corrosion<br>induced section loss and spalling. An experimental program was conducted on two groups: unstrengthened control beams (NB) and rehabilitated specimens (GFB). Key performance indicators, including ultimate load capacity, loaddeflection response, concrete and steel strain development, and GFRP strain evolution, were systematically analyzed. Results demonstrate that GFRP-strengthened beams achieved a 10.87% higher average<br>ultimate load (34.64 kN) than sound control beams (31.24 kN). Although the GFRP layer resulted in a slightly lower ultimate concrete strain in GFB (2391 \u00b5\u03b5) compared to NB (2821 \u00b5\u03b5), the rehabilitated beams exhibited enhanced structural resilience, evidenced by a 28.82% increase in yield load and a 25.08% reduction in mid-span deflection at ultimate failure. Furthermore, the failure mode shifted from conventional ductile flexural failure in<br>control beams to a highly predictable GFRP rupture, without premature shear failure. GFRP strain measurements confirmed full material utilization, with recorded rupture strains of 15,672 and 18,532 \u00b5\u03b5 aligning within an 8% margin of theoretical predictions. These findings validate that the proposed dual-phase rehabilitation approach recovers lost strength while quantitatively enhancing structural resilience and failure predictability, offering a practical, evidence-based solution for extending the service life of aging infrastructure affected by corrosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Keywords:&nbsp;Integrated Rehabilitation, GFRP, Corrosion, RC Beams, Flexural Capacity, Ductility<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:2rem\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div ref_ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<ol>\n<li>[1] Y. Zhou, Y. Zheng, J. Pan, L. Sui, F. Xing, H. Sun, and P. Li, (2019) \u201cExperimental investigations on corrosion resistance of innovative steel-FRP composite bars using X-ray microcomputed tomography\u201d Composites Part B: Engineering 161: 272\u2013284. DOI: 10.1016\/j.compositesb.2018.10.069.<\/li>\n<li>[2] G. G. Triantafyllou, T. C. Rousakis, and A. I. Karabinis, (2017) \u201cAnalytical assessment of the bearing capacity of RC beams with corroded steel bars beyond concrete cover cracking\u201d Composites Part B: Engineering 119: 132\u2013140. DOI: 10.1016\/j.compositesb.2017.03.036.<\/li>\n<li>[3] L. Dai, P. Chen, X. Luo, L. Wang, and J. Zhang, (2024) \u201cPrediction of corrosion-induced retraction slip of prestressing strand in pre-tensioned concrete beams\u201d Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 20(11): 1778\u20131789. DOI: 10.1080\/15732479.2023.2165117.<\/li>\n<li>[4] D. M. Frangopol and M. Liu, (2007) \u201cMaintenance and management of civil infrastructure based on condition, safety, optimization, and life-cycle cost\u201d Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 3(1): 29\u201341. DOI: 10.1080\/15732470500253164.<\/li>\n<li>[5] Y. Mugahed Amran, R. Alyousef, R. S. Rashid, H. Alabduljabbar, and C.-C. Hung, (2018) \u201cProperties and applications of FRP in strengthening RC structures: A review\u201d Structures 16: 208\u2013238. DOI: 10.1016\/j.istruc.2018.09.008.<\/li>\n<li>[6] J. Tatar and S. Milev, (2021) \u201cDurability of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer composites in concrete structures: a critical review\u201d Polymers 13(5): 765. DOI: 10.3390\/polym13050765.<\/li>\n<li>[7] A. Dini\u021b\u0103, R. G. Ripeanu, C. N. Ilinc\u0103, D. Cursaru, D. Matei, R. I. Naim, M. T\u0103nase, and A. I. Portoac\u0103, (2023) \u201cAdvancements in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: a comprehensive analysis\u201d Polymers 16(1): 2. DOI: 10.3390\/polym16010002.<\/li>\n<li>[8] M. Elkafrawy, P. Gowrishankar, N. G. Aswad, A. Alashkar, A. Khalil, M. AlHamaydeh, and R. Hawileh, (2024) \u201cGFRP-reinforced concrete columns: state-of-the-art, behavior, and research needs\u201d Buildings 14(10): 3131. DOI: 10.3390\/buildings14103131.<\/li>\n<li>[9] M. Alhusban, M. Alhusban, and A. A. Alkhawaldeh, (2023) \u201cThe Efficiency of Using Machine Learning Techniques in Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer Applications in Structural Engineering\u201d Sustainability 16(1): 11. DOI: 10.3390\/su16010011.<\/li>\n<li>[10] R. E. Melchers, C. Q. Li, and W. Lawanwisut, (2006) \u201cModelling deterioration of structural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams under saline environment corrosion\u201d Magazine of Concrete Research 58(9): 575\u2013587. DOI: 10.1680\/macr.2006.58.9.575.<\/li>\n<li>[11] D. Coronelli and P. Gambarova, (2004) \u201cStructural assessment of corroded reinforced concrete beams: modeling guidelines\u201d Journal of Structural Engineering 130(8): 1214\u20131224. DOI: 10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:8(1214).<\/li>\n<li>[12] S. Barbhuiya, B. B. Das, and F. Kanavaris, (2024) \u201cA review of fracture propagation in concrete: fundamentals, experimental techniques, modelling and applications\u201d Magazine of Concrete Research 76(10): 482\u2013514. DOI: 10.1680\/jmacr.23.00143.<\/li>\n<li>[13] H. Lee, H. Jang, and W. Chung, (2019) \u201cEffect of recycled concrete on the flexural behavior of concrete-filled FRP tubes\u201d International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 13(1): 12. DOI: 10.1186\/s40069-018-0318-8.<\/li>\n<li>[14] A. Cohades, C. Branfoot, S. Rae, I. Bond, and V. Michaud, (2018) \u201cProgress in self-healing fiber-reinforced polymer composites\u201d Advanced Materials Interfaces 5(17): 1800177. DOI: 10.1002\/admi.201800177.<\/li>\n<li>[15] P. W. R. Beaumont, (2020) \u201cThe structural integrity of composite materials and long-life implementation of composite structures\u201d Applied Composite Materials 27(5): 449\u2013478. DOI: 10.1007\/s10443-020-09822-6.<\/li>\n<li>[16] C. Mi\u00e0s, L. Torres, M. Guadagnini, and A. Turon, (2015) \u201cShort and long-term cracking behaviour of GFRP reinforced concrete beams\u201d Composites Part B: Engineering 77: 223\u2013231. DOI: 10.1016\/j.compositesb.2015.03.024.<\/li>\n<li>[17] A. Karimipour and M. Edalati, (2021) \u201cRetrofitting of the corroded reinforced concrete columns with CFRP and GFRP fabrics under different corrosion levels\u201d Engineering Structures 228: 111523. DOI: 10.1016\/j.engstruct.2020.111523.<\/li>\n<li>[18] S. A. Khan, (2024) \u201cEnhancing the mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced concrete through sustainable mix design: effects of fibre type and dose\u201d Discover Civil Engineering 1(1): 88. DOI: 10.1007\/s44290-024-00087-7.<\/li>\n<li>[19] J. Johnson and S. Eswari, (2025) \u201cFlexural and ductile characteristics of glass fibre reinforced polymer bar-reinforced concrete incorporating basalt fibres of varied lengths\u201d Innovative Infrastructure Solutions 10(9): 399. DOI: 10.1007\/s41062-025-02204-6.<\/li>\n<li>[20] B. O. Rageh, M. A. El-Mandouh, A. H. Elmasry, and M. M. Attia, (2022) \u201cFlexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with GFRP laminate and retrofitting with novelty of adhesive material\u201d Buildings 12(9): 1444. DOI: 10.3390\/buildings12091444.<\/li>\n<li>[21] C. Mensah, Z. Wang, A. O. Bonsu, and W. Liang, (2020) \u201cEffect of different bond parameters on the mechanical properties of FRP and concrete interface\u201d Polymers 12(11): 2466. DOI: 10.3390\/polym12112466.<\/li>\n<li>[22] H. Fergani, M. Di Benedetti, C. Mi\u00e0s Oller, C. Lynsdale, and M. Guadagnini, (2018) \u201cDurability and degradation mechanisms of GFRP reinforcement subjected to severe environments and sustained stress\u201d Construction and Building Materials 170: 637\u2013648. DOI: 10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.092.<\/li>\n<li>[23] Z. Dang, P. Feng, J.-Q. Yang, and Q. Zhang, (2020) \u201cAxial compressive behavior of engineered cementitious composite confined by fiber-reinforced polymer\u201d Composite Structures 243: 112191. DOI: 10.1016\/j.compstruct.2020.112191.<\/li>\n<li>[24] A. S. Karzad, M. Leblouba, S. A. Toubat, and M. Maalej, (2019) \u201cRepair and strengthening of shear-deficient reinforced concrete beams using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer\u201d Composite Structures 223: 110963. DOI: 10.1016\/j.compstruct.2019.110963.<\/li>\n<li>[25] G. Maranan, A. Manalo, B. Benmokrane, W. Karunasena, and P. Mendis, (2015) \u201cEvaluation of the flexural strength and serviceability of geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (Gfrp) bars\u201d Engineering Structures 101: 529\u2013541. DOI: 10.1016\/j.engstruct.2015.08.003.<\/li>\n<li>[26] M. Goldston, A. Remennikov, and M. N. Sheikh, (2017) \u201cFlexural behaviour of GFRP reinforced high strength and ultra high strength concrete beams\u201d Construction and Building Materials 131: 606\u2013617. DOI: 10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.094.<\/li>\n<li>[27] M. K. Askar, A. F. Hassan, and Y. S. Al-Kamaki, (2022) \u201cFlexural and shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using FRP composites: A state of the art\u201d Case Studies in Construction Materials 17: e01189. DOI: 10.1016\/j.cscm.2022.e01189.<\/li>\n<li>[28] J. D. Ortiz, S. S. Khedmatgozar Dolati, P. Malla, A. Nanni, and A. Mehrabi, (2023) \u201cFrp-reinforced\/strengthened concrete: state-of-the-art review on durability and mechanical effects\u201d Materials 16(5): 1990. DOI: 10.3390\/ma16051990.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"wp-custom-template-detail-4-aricles","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[12,1682,6],"tags":[1688],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":[],"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"\u6797\u923a\u6db5","author_link":"\/jase\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited. Download Citation:\u00a0 BibTeX | http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202611_34.006\u00a0\u00a0 Download PDF Corrosion-induced deterioration in reinforced concrete structures poses a critical threat to&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope\/9676"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope"}],"about":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/tkuisotope"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}