{"id":8450,"date":"2026-08-03T00:10:37","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T16:10:37","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&#038;p=8450"},"modified":"2026-08-22T17:36:58","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T09:36:58","slug":"group-events-ordering-by-double-confirmations-in-wireless-sensor-and-actuator-networks","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=group-events-ordering-by-double-confirmations-in-wireless-sensor-and-actuator-networks","title":{"rendered":"Group Events Ordering by Double Confirmations in Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row article-info\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=8383\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"8383\">2016<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder-open\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=8391\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"8391\">Volume 19, Issue 4<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-6 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div dv_publish\" data-aos=\"normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-03T00:10:37+08:00\">2026-08-03<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-5 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div au-ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Yi-Chao Wu<sup>1<\/sup><a href=\"mailto:alanwu@mail.chihlee.edu.tw\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a>, and Chiu-Ching Tuan<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>1<\/sup>Department of Information Management, Chihlee University of Technology, NewTaipei City, Taiwan 220, R.O.C. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>2<\/sup>Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 106, R.O.C.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Received:\u00a0March 02, 2016<br>Accepted:\u00a0June 17, 2016<br>Publication Date:\u00a0August 03, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-7 align-self-start clk=\u5716\u7247\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/19_4_15.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid img-fluid mx-auto d-block\" alt=\"\u4e0a\u50b3\u5716\u7247\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center img_caption\">(a) Correct ordering; (b) Incorrect ordering.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><i class=\"fab fa-creative-commons\"><\/i>&nbsp;<strong>Copyright&nbsp;<\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download Citation:&nbsp; <a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/V19.4.15.bib\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"9579\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BibTeX <\/a>| <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.2016.19.4.15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.2016.19.4.15<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary article-btn\"><a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/15-10504_0022_V29i4.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"9608\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In wireless sensor and actuator networks, events ordering is an important issue since the ordering of monitored events actuator received could determine the correct interpretation of what event is occurring in the monitored environment. In the real situation, events may belong to different groups. Each group may be co-related with other groups based on the time ordering, such as the group-related events ordering we defined. However, the existing events ordering algorithms addressed nothing for group-related events ordering. Hence, we proposed a group events ordering by double confirmations, GOBDC, to treat the group-related events ordering in correct group order. Simulation results demonstrated that the rate of the correct events ordering of GOBDC could be up to 100%. Once the number of events or the probability of event with a delay increased, GOBDC still guaranteed the rate of the correct events ordering to be 100%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Keywords:\u00a0Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks, Events Ordering, Correct Interpretation, Group-related Events Ordering, Double Confirmations<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:2rem\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div ref_ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<ol>\n<li>[1] Akyildiz, I. F. and Kasimoglu, I. H., \u201cWireless Sensor and Actor Networks: Research Challenges,\u201d <i data-path-to-node=\"2\" data-index-in-node=\"101\">Ad Hoc Networks<\/i>, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 351\u2013367 (2004). doi: 10.1016\/j.adhoc.2004.04.003<\/li>\n<li>[2] Munir, M. F. and Eurecom, I., \u201cWireless Sensor and Sensor-Actuator Networks Research Trends, Protocols, and Applications,\u201d 2005 Networking and Communications Conference, 2005 May 1\u20133; Lahore, Pakistan, IEEE; pp. 6\u20136 (2008). doi: 10.1109\/INCC.2008.4562673<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1952 citation-end-1952\">[3] Melodia, T., Pompili, D. and Akyildiz, I. F., \u201cA Communication Architecture for Mobile Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks,\u201d 2006 Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks Conference, 2006 September 28; Reston, VA, IEEE, pp. 109\u2013<\/span>118 (2006). doi: 10.1109\/SAHCN.2006.288415<\/li>\n<li>[4] Melodia, T., Pompili, D., Gungor, V. C. and Akyildiz, I. F., \u201cCommunication and Coordination in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks,\u201d <i data-path-to-node=\"2\" data-index-in-node=\"861\">IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing<\/i>, Vol. 6, No. 10, pp. 1116\u20131129 (2007). doi: 10.1109\/TMC.2007.1009<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"citation-1951 citation-end-1951\">[5] Boukerche, A., Silva, F. H. S., Araujo, R. B. and Pazzi, R. W. N., \u201cA Low Latency and Energy Aware Event Ordering Algorithm for Wireless Actor and Sensor Networks,\u201d 2005 Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems Conference, 2005 October 1<\/span>0\u201313; Quebec, Canada, ACM, pp. 111\u2013117 (2005). doi: 10.1145\/1089444.1089465<\/li>\n<li>[6] Boukerche, A. and Martirosyan, A., \u201cAn Efficient Algorithm for Preserving Events\u2019 Temporal Relationships in Wireless Sensor Actor Networks,\u201d 2007 Local Computer Networks Conference, 2007 October 15\u201318, Dublin, IEEE, pp. 771\u2013780 (2007). doi: 10.1109\/LCN.2007.153<\/li>\n<li>[7] Boukerche, A., Araujo, R. B. and Silva, F. H. S., \u201cAn Efficient Event Ordering Algorithm that Extends the Lifetime of Wireless Actor and Sensor Networks,\u201d <i data-path-to-node=\"2\" data-index-in-node=\"1730\">Performance Evaluation<\/i>, Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 480\u2013494 (2007). doi: 10.1016\/j.peva.2006.08.009<\/li>\n<li>[<span class=\"citation-1950\">8] Boukerche, A., Araujo, R. B., Silva, F. H. S. and Villas, L., \u201cWireless Sensor and Actor Networks Context Interpretation for the Emergency Preparedness Class of Applications,\u201d <\/span><i data-path-to-node=\"2\" data-index-in-node=\"2002\"><span class=\"citation-1950\">Computer Communications<\/span><\/i><span class=\"citation-1950 citation-end-1950\">, Vol. 30, No. 13, pp. 2593\u2013<\/span>2602 (2007). doi: 10.1016\/j.comcom.2007.05.053<\/li>\n<li>[9] Lamport, L., \u201cTime, Clocks and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System,\u201d <i data-path-to-node=\"2\" data-index-in-node=\"2184\">Communications of the ACM<\/i>, Vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 558\u2013565 (1978). doi: 10.1145\/359545.359563<\/li>\n<li>[10] Samani, M. M. and Sloman, M., \u201cGEM: A Generalized Event Monitoring Language for Distributed Systems,\u201d <i data-path-to-node=\"2\" data-index-in-node=\"2381\">Distributed Systems Engineering Journal<\/i>, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 96\u2013108 (1997). doi: 10.1088\/0967-1846\/4\/2\/004<\/li>\n<li>[11] Raynal, M., Schiper, A. and Toueg, S., \u201cThe Causal Ordering Abstraction and a Simple Way to Implement It,\u201d <i data-path-to-node=\"2\" data-index-in-node=\"2599\">Information Processing Letters<\/i>, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 343\u2013350 (1991). doi: 10.1016\/0020-0190(91)90008-6<\/li>\n<li>[12] Romer, K., \u201cTemporal Message Ordering in Wireless Sensor Networks,\u201d 2003 Ad-Hoc Networks Conference, 2003 June 25\u201327; Mahdia, Tunisia, IFIP, pp. 131\u2013142 (2003).<\/li>\n<li>[<span class=\"citation-1948 citation-1949 citation-end-1949\">13] Boukerche, A., Pazzi, R. N. and Araujo, R. B., \u201cA Fast and Reliable Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Critical Conditions Monitoring Applications,\u201d 2004 Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems Conference, 2004 <\/span><span class=\"citation-1948 citation-end-1948\">October 4\u2013<\/span>6; Venice, Italy, ACM, pp. 157\u2013164 (2004). doi: 10.1145\/1023663.1023692<\/li>\n<li>[14] Tuan, C.-C. and Wu, Y.-C., \u201cEvent Ordering by Double Confirmation in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks,\u201d <i data-path-to-node=\"2\" data-index-in-node=\"3297\">IEEE Sensors Journal<\/i>, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 829\u2013836 (2011). doi: 10.1109\/JSEN.2010.2085431<\/li>\n<li>[15] Tuan, C.-C. and Wu, Y.-C., \u201cCoverage and Connectivity Aware Clustering Algorithm within k-Hops in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks,\u201d <i data-path-to-node=\"2\" data-index-in-node=\"3526\">Science China Information Sciences<\/i>, Vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 120\u2013136 (2014). doi: 10.1007\/s11432-013-5022-3<\/li>\n<li>[16] Mallapur, S. V. and Patil, S. R., \u201cSurvey on Simulations Tools for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks,\u201d <i data-path-to-node=\"2\" data-index-in-node=\"3726\">International Journal of Computer Networks and Wireless Communications<\/i>, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 241\u2013248 (2012).<\/li>\n<li>[17] Abedi, R. H., Aslam, N. and Ghani, S., \u201cFault Tolerance Analysis of Heterogeneous Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Network,\u201d 2011 Electrical and Computer Engineering Conference, 2011 Niagara Falls, ON, IEEE, pp. 175\u2013179 (2011). doi: 10.1109\/CCECE.2011.6030433<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"wp-custom-template-detail-4-aricles","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1563,6,1567],"tags":[1623],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":[],"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"\u6797\u923a\u6db5","author_link":"\/jase\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited. Download Citation:&nbsp; BibTeX | http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.2016.19.4.15&nbsp;&nbsp; Download PDF In wireless sensor and actuator networks, events ordering is an important&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope\/8450"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope"}],"about":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/tkuisotope"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}