{"id":7899,"date":"2026-06-15T10:49:48","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T02:49:48","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&#038;p=7899"},"modified":"2026-06-19T19:26:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T11:26:25","slug":"jase-202610-33-010","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=jase-202610-33-010","title":{"rendered":"Study on Temperature-SOC-Current Ternary Coupling Characteristics of UAV Lithium-Ion Batteries"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row article-info\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=807\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"807\">2026<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder-open\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\u00a0<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=7886\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"7886\">Volume 33<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-6 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div dv_publish\" data-aos=\"normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-06-15T10:49:48+08:00\">2026-06-15<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-5 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div au-ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Lin-yi Zhou and Xin-ji Gan<a href=\"mailto:ganxinji@beihua.edu.cn\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\">School of Mechanical Engineering,Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Received: February 9, 2026<br>Accepted:&nbsp;May 13, 2026<br>Publication Date:&nbsp;June 15, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-7 align-self-start clk=\u5716\u7247\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/33_010.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid img-fluid mx-auto d-block\" alt=\"\u4e0a\u50b3\u5716\u7247\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Battery&nbsp;Temperature\u2013Current\u2013SOC&nbsp;Coupling&nbsp;Relationship Diagram.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><i class=\"fab fa-creative-commons\"><\/i>&nbsp;<strong>Copyright&nbsp;<\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download Citation:\u00a0 <a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/V33.0010.txt\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"8027\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BibTeX <\/a>| <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202610_33.0010\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202610_33.010<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary article-btn\"><a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/010_2026_0259_V33.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"7913\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In lithium-ion battery systems for UAVs, the ternary coupling relationship between temperature, State of Charge (SOC), and current exerts a decisive impact on battery performance and safety. Through multi-parameter collaborative experiments combined with thermodynamic modeling to analyze the system\u2019s energy conversion and heat transfer processes, this study reveals the dynamic evolution laws of the coupling relationship. Experimental results indicate that distinct SOC intervals exhibit significantly differentiated coupling behaviors during constant current discharge. in the high SOC stage ( 80%\u2212100% ), the three parameters show an approximately linear relationship. in the medium SOC stage ( 30%\u221280% ), due to the coupling of internal resistance with SOC and heat conduction effects, the temperature presents a non-monotonic &#8220;rise-fall-rise again&#8221; variation; in the low SOC stage (&lt;30%), a positive feedback loop of &#8220;internal resistance-heat generation-temperature rise&#8221; is triggered by the strong coupling effect between internal resistance and electrode polarization. Although derived with heat capacity simplification and internal resistance approximation, the explicit solution of the thermal equation derived from thermodynamic modeling can although adopting heat capacity simplification and internal resistance approximation, and only applicable to constant current discharge conditions, can still be applied to battery BMS after engineering adaptation and a hierarchical early warning matrix integrating the current-SOC-temperature relationship is constructed, providing a theoretical and practical application basis for the intelligent thermal management of UAV batteries. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Keywords:&nbsp;Lithium-ion batteries for UAVs; Ternary coupling relationship; Thermodynamic modeling; Hierarchical early warning matrix<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:2rem\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div ref_ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div id=\"model-response-message-contentr_442dd220420d5a90\" class=\"markdown markdown-main-panel stronger enable-updated-hr-color\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-busy=\"false\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div id=\"model-response-message-contentr_a0682ecedc1fd251\" class=\"markdown markdown-main-panel stronger enable-updated-hr-color\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-busy=\"false\">\n<ol>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[1] G. Chen, X. Xia, X. Zhao, X. Zeng, T. Ouyang, and H. Feng, (2025) \u201cA balanced SOH-SOC control strategy for multiple battery energy storage units based on battery lifetime change laws\u201d Electrical Engineering 107(6): 7725\u20137736. DOI: 10.1007\/s00202-024-02944-1.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[2] R.-P. Zhang, X.-G. Shi, D.-C. Wei, Y.-q. Wang, W. Yin, and Y. Cheng, (2025) \u201cMultistage Variable Current Pulse Charging Strategy Based on Polarization Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Battery\u201d IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 40(1): 422\u2013436. DOI: 10.1109\/TEC.2024.3446168.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[3] W. Q. T. Poh, Y. Xu, W. Liu, and R. T. P. Tan, (2025) \u201cMomentary informatics based data-driven estimation of lithium-ion battery health under dynamic discharging currents\u201d Journal of Power Sources 629: 236041. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2024.236041.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[4] Y. Zhang, X. Lai, X. Zhang, Y. Fan, E. Cheng, Y. Zheng, X. Tang, B. Tang, and Z. Zhu, (2025) \u201cFusion of stress and electrical signals for high-accuracy joint estimation of SOC and SOH in lithium-ion batteries\u201d Energy 331: 137063. DOI: 10.1016\/j.energy.2025.137063.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[5] X. Zhang, Y. Wang, and Z. Chen, (2023) \u201cSoC-modified core temperature estimation of lithium-ion battery based on control-oriented electro-thermal model\u201d IEEE transactions on power electronics 38(9): 11642\u201311651. DOI: 10.1109\/TPEL.2023.3288539.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[6] A. Tabine, A. Elachhab, S. Bouzaid, C. Ennawaoui, A. Hajjaji, et al., (2024) \u201cA novel fitting polynomial approach for an accurate SOC estimation in Li-ion batteries considering temperature hysteresis\u201d E-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy 10: 100822. DOI: 10.1016\/j.prime.2024.100822.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[7] L. Jiang, Y. Huang, Y. Li, J. Yu, X. Qiao, C. Huang, and Y. Cao, (2020) \u201cOptimization of variable-current charging strategy based on SOC segmentation for Li-ion battery\u201d IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 22(1): 622\u2013629. DOI: 10.1109\/TITS.2020.3006092.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[8] J. Qu, Z. Jiang, and J. Zhang, (2022) \u201cInvestigation on lithium-ion battery degradation induced by combined effect of current rate and operating temperature during fast charging\u201d Journal of Energy Storage 52: 104811. DOI: 10.1016\/j.est.2022.104811.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[9] I. Permana, A. P. Agharid, F. Wang, and S. H. Lin, (2023) \u201cPerformance investigation of thermal management system on battery energy storage cabinet\u201d Thermal Science 27(6 Part A): 4389\u20134400. DOI: 10.2298\/TSCI221227154P.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[10] M. Yang, H. Shi, Y. Zhu, Y. Zou, L. Xiong, and Q. Huang, (2026) \u201cA novel polynomial-activated neural network with locally weighted scatterplot smoothing for small-sample state-of-charge estimation in lithium-ion batteries\u201d Journal of Energy Storage 149: 120325. DOI: 10.1016\/j.est.2025.120325.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[11] J. Lee, M. Lee, S. Cho, Y. Kim, J. Oh, and J. Kim, (2026) \u201cEnhanced battery state of health estimation with long short-term memory employing analytic hierarchy process and the extraction of multi-criteria optimized impedance factors\u201d Journal of Energy Storage 152: 120588. DOI: 10.1016\/j.est.2026.120588.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[12] L. Wang, J. Wu, C. Ma, X. Sun, L. Wang, and C. Liao, (2026) \u201cCoupling Model and Early-Stage Internal Short Circuits Fault Diagnosis for Gel Electrolyte Lithium-Ion Batteries\u201d Batteries 12(2): 45. DOI: 10.3390\/batteries12020045.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[13] A. Esmaeilzadeh, M. Silakhori, N. N. Nik Ghazali, H. S. C. Metselaar, A. Bin Mamat, M. S. Naghavi Sanjani, and S. Iranmanesh, (2020) \u201cThermal performance and numerical simulation of the 1-pyrene carboxylic-acid functionalized graphene nanofluids in a sintered wick heat pipe\u201d Energies 13(24): 6542. DOI: 10.3390\/en13246542.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[14] S. Rangasamy, R. R. V. Raghavan, R. M. Elavarasan, and P. Kasinathan, (2023) \u201cEnergy analysis of flattened heat pipe with nanofluids for sustainable electronic cooling applications\u201d Sustainability 15(6): 4716. DOI: 10.3390\/su15064716.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[15] W. Li, T. Yang, L. Chen, J. Shi, T. Zhang, C. Zeng, R. Liu, and S. Tang, (2025) \u201cThermal management study of cylindrical battery using novel thermally conductive anisotropic flexible phase change material\u201d Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 73: 106508. DOI: 10.1016\/j.csite.2025.106508.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[16] P. K. Chittoor and B. Chokkalingam, (2023) \u201cWireless electrification system for photovoltaic powered autonomous drone charging\u201d IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 10(2): 3002\u20133011. DOI: 10.1109\/TTE.2023.3305022.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[17] P. K. Chittoor and C. Bharatiraja, (2023) \u201cBuilding integrated photovoltaic powered wireless drone charging system\u201d Solar Energy 252: 163\u2013175. DOI: 10.1016\/j.solener.2023.01.056.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[18] A. Nair, C. Bharatiraja, S. Devakirubakaran, et al. \u201cPv-powered wireless drone charging station assisted with tracked-vision\u201d. In: 2023 Second International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Information and Communication Technologies (ICEEICT). IEEE. 2023, 1\u20135. DOI: 10.1109\/ICEEICT56924.2023.10157708.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[19] P. K. Chittoor and C. Bharatiraja, (2022) \u201cWireless-sensor communication based wireless-charging coil positioning system for UAVs with maximum power point tracking\u201d IEEE Sensors Journal 22(8): 8175\u20138182. DOI: 10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3156089.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[20] P. K. Chittoor, B. Chokkalingam, and L. Mihet-Popa, (2021) \u201cA review on UAV wireless charging: Fundamentals, applications, charging techniques and standards\u201d IEEE access 9: 69235\u201369266. DOI: 10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3077041.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[21] B. Sun, D. Song, H. Ruan, W. Zhang, and K. Zheng, (2023) \u201cParameter identification method of thermal model of lithium-ion battery based on self-generated heat and external heat transfer\u201d Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society 39: 278\u2013288. DOI: 10.19595\/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222104.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"wp-custom-template-detail-4-aricles","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[12,1483,6],"tags":[1493],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":[],"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"\u6797\u923a\u6db5","author_link":"\/jase\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited. Download Citation:\u00a0 BibTeX | http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202610_33.010\u00a0\u00a0 Download PDF In lithium-ion battery systems for UAVs, the ternary coupling relationship between&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope\/7899"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope"}],"about":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/tkuisotope"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}