{"id":6622,"date":"2026-08-16T21:02:53","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T13:02:53","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&#038;p=6622"},"modified":"2026-08-23T14:18:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T06:18:34","slug":"development-of-foldable-wing-structures-for-micro-air-vehicles","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=development-of-foldable-wing-structures-for-micro-air-vehicles","title":{"rendered":"Development of Foldable Wing Structures for Micro Air Vehicles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row article-info\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=6588\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"807\">2018<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder-open\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=6608\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"4630\">Volume 21, Issue 2<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-6 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div dv_publish\" data-aos=\"normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-16T21:02:53+08:00\">2026-08-16<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-5 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div au-ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Vijayakumar Kolandapaiyan<a href=\"mailto:nk.aero@gmail.com\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a>, L. V. Muralikrishna Reddy, M. Sakthivel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>1<\/sup>National Design and Research Forum, The Institution of Engineers, India<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>2<\/sup>Foundation for Educational Excellence (FEE)<br>Anna University<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Received:\u00a0September 12, 2017<br>Accepted:\u00a0January 17, 2018<br>Publication Date:\u00a0August 16, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-7 align-self-start clk=\u5716\u7247\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21_2_13.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid img-fluid mx-auto d-block\" alt=\"\u4e0a\u50b3\u5716\u7247\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center img_caption\">Foldable wing MAV [4].<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><i class=\"fab fa-creative-commons\"><\/i>&nbsp;<strong>Copyright&nbsp;<\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download Citation:&nbsp; <a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/V212.0013.bib\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"9960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BibTeX <\/a>| <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.201806_21(2).0013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.201806_21(2).0013<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary article-btn\"><a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/13-10619_0226_V21i2.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"10014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The enabling technologies for the development of micro air vehicles (MAV) are matured and realistic in the application arena. The foldable MAV is a family of MAV, which are gaining interest due to its unique storing capability in field of operation. The recent developments in foldable wing MAV are enhancing wing design with foldability characteristics including wing profile, material selection and canister capability. The overall objective of this work is to design and develop a mission based foldable wing MAV, which can be packed in minimal volume, unpacked in minimum time and deployed in time-critical situations. In this paper, the main objective is to show the foldable wing capability with the help of canister design. It also discusses the foldable wing profiles, identification of suitable composite materials, orientation, 3D printing and component selection. To consider the suitable wing shape, rectangular and taper wing has been taken. The structural stress analysis of these wing configurations for CFRP and GFRP materials have been analyzed and compared. Analysis of these wing has variation in deformation, strain and factor of safety. Besides, foldable wings and canister design are fabricated. The development and widespread use of MAV in the real life environment have constraint and limitations with respect to handling the vehicle because of its size of the wing and sensitive components attached to it. Foldable wing structures and storage capability in canister is one of the alternatives and has created lots of interest among the MAV development activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Keywords:&nbsp;Wing Profile; Stress Analysis; Composite Materials; Canister Design; 3D Printing<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:2rem\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div ref_ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<ol>\n<li>[1] K. Valavanis, et al., Handbook of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Springer Netherlands (2015). DOI: 10.1007\/978-90-481-9707-1.<\/li>\n<li>[2] S. Umezu, et al., (2017) \u201cBio-inspired wing-folding mechanism of micro air vehicle (MAV)\u201d Artificial Life and Robotics 22: 203. DOI: 10.1007\/s10015-016-0339-9.<\/li>\n<li>[3] Raul, et al., Advanced Composite Materials for Aerospace Engineering, 1st Edition, Woodhead Publishing, Elsevier. DOI: 10.1016\/B978-0-08-100037-3.00001-8.<\/li>\n<li>[4] T. J. Mueller, et al., Introduction to the Design of Fixed-wing Micro Air Vehicles: Including Three Case Studies, AIAA (2007). DOI: 10.2514\/4.862106.<\/li>\n<li>[5] G. Hicks, et al., (1999) \u201cMultidisciplinary Design and Prototype Development of a Micro Air Vehicle\u201d Journal of Aircraft 36(1): 227\u2013234. DOI: 10.2514\/2.2429.<\/li>\n<li>[6] Q. T. Truong, et al., (2014) \u201cDesign and Demonstration of Insect Mimicking Foldable Artificial Wing Using Four-bar Linkage Systems\u201d Journal of Bionic Engineering 11(3): 449\u2013458. DOI: 10.1016\/S1672-6529(14)60057-3.<\/li>\n<li>[7] Albertani, et al., \u201cWind Tunnel Testing of Micro Air Vehicles at Low Reynolds Numbers\u201d. In: SAE World Conference. 2004. DOI: 10.4271\/2004-01-3090.<\/li>\n<li>[8] J. Anderson, Fundamental of Aerodynamics, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill (2011). DOI: 10.1017\/S000192400000676X.<\/li>\n<li>[9] M. Secanell, et al., (2006) \u201cDesign of a Morphing Airfoil Using Aerodynamic Shape Optimization\u201d AIAA Journal 44(7). DOI: 10.2514\/1.18109.<\/li>\n<li>[10] M. Hyer, Stress Analysis of Fiber-reinforced Composite Materials, McGraw-Hill (1998). DOI: 10.1017\/S0001924000096366.<\/li>\n<li>[11] J. D. Whitcomb, et al., (1998) \u201cAnalysis of Plain Weave Composites Subjected to Flexure\u201d Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures 5(1): 41\u201353. DOI: 10.1080\/10759419808945892.<\/li>\n<li>[12] D. Lee, et al., \u201cAeroelastic Studies on a Folding Wing Configuration\u201d. In: 46th AIAA\/ASME\/ASCE\/AHS\/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics &amp; Materials Conference. 2005. DOI: 10.2514\/6.2005-1996.<\/li>\n<li>[13] D. Tang, et al., (2008) \u201cTheoretical and Experimental Aeroelastic Study for Folding Wing Structures\u201d Journal of Aircraft 45: 1136\u20131147. DOI: 10.2514\/1.32754.<\/li>\n<li>[14] R. Wlezien, et al., \u201cAircraft Morphing Program\u201d. In: Proc. SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Materials. 1998, 176\u2013187. DOI: 10.1117\/12.310633.<\/li>\n<li>[15] R. Haftka, et al., Design and Optimization of Laminated Composite Materials, Wiley (1999). DOI: 10.1.1.170.9445.<\/li>\n<li>[16] D. Backman, et al., \u201cComposite Materials and Joining Technologies for Composites\u201d. In: Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. Vol. 7. 2012. DOI: 10.1007\/978-1-4614-4553-1.<\/li>\n<li>[17] E. Stanewsky, (2000) \u201cAerodynamic Benefits of Adaptive Wing Technology\u201d Aerospace Science and Technology 4(7): 439\u2013452. DOI: 10.1016\/S1270-9638(00)01069-5.<\/li>\n<li>[18] C. K. Chua, et al., 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing: Principles and Applications, Fifth Edition, World Scientific Publishing Company (2016). DOI: 10.18063\/IJB.2016.02.002.<\/li>\n<li>[19] N. M. Wereley, et al., \u201cMorphing Wings of a Small Scale UAV Using Inflatable Actuators for Sweep Control\u201d. In: AIAA-2003-1802. 2003. DOI: 10.2514\/6.2003-1802.<\/li>\n<li>[20] R. Lind, et al., \u201cRoll Control for a Micro Air Vehicle Using Active Wing Morphing\u201d. In: AIAA Paper AIAA-2003-5347. 2003. DOI: 10.2514\/6.2003-5347.<\/li>\n<li>[21] T. Ng and G. Leng, (2002) \u201cApplication of Genetic Algorithms to Conceptual Design of a Micro Air Vehicle\u201d Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 15(5): 439\u2013445. DOI: 10.1016\/S0952-1976(02)00072-6.<\/li>\n<li>[22] J. Bowman, et al., \u201cDevelopment of Next Generation Morphing Aircraft Structures\u201d. In: 48th AIAA\/ASME\/ASCE\/AHS\/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. 2007. DOI: 10.2514\/6.2007-1730.<\/li>\n<li>[23] F. Lau, et al., (2011) \u201cAero-structural Optimization and Performance Evaluation of a Morphing Wing with Variable Span and Camber\u201d Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures. DOI: 10.1177\/1045389X11416031.<\/li>\n<li>[24] M. H. Basri, et al., (2014) \u201cOptimization of Aerodynamic Efficiency for Twist Morphing MAV Wing\u201d Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 27(3): 475\u2013487. DOI: 10.1016\/j.cja.2014.04.017.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"wp-custom-template-detail-4-aricles","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1361,6,1363],"tags":[1394],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":[],"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"\u6797\u923a\u6db5","author_link":"\/jase\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited. Download Citation:&nbsp; BibTeX | https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.201806_21(2).0013&nbsp;&nbsp; Download PDF The enabling technologies for the development of micro air vehicles (MAV)&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope\/6622"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope"}],"about":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/tkuisotope"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}