{"id":6621,"date":"2026-08-16T21:00:30","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T13:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&#038;p=6621"},"modified":"2026-08-23T14:12:04","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T06:12:04","slug":"game-control-of-multi-agent-damper-system-for-laterally-interconnected-air-suspension","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=game-control-of-multi-agent-damper-system-for-laterally-interconnected-air-suspension","title":{"rendered":"Game Control of Multi-agent Damper System for Laterally Interconnected Air Suspension"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row article-info\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=6588\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"807\">2018<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder-open\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=6608\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"4630\">Volume 21, Issue 2<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-6 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div dv_publish\" data-aos=\"normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-16T21:00:30+08:00\">2026-08-16<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-5 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div au-ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Zhong-Xing Li<sup>1<\/sup>, Jian-Yu Huang<sup>1<\/sup><a href=\"mailto:jason1120183582@yahoo.com\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a>, Hong Jiang<sup>1<\/sup>, Hong-Tao Xue<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>1<\/sup>School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>2<\/sup>School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Received:\u00a0August 31, 2017<br>Accepted:\u00a0March 30, 2018<br>Publication Date:\u00a0August 16, 2018<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-7 align-self-start clk=\u5716\u7247\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21_2_12.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid img-fluid mx-auto d-block\" alt=\"\u4e0a\u50b3\u5716\u7247\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Physical model of vehicle body and wheels for vertical vibration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><i class=\"fab fa-creative-commons\"><\/i>&nbsp;<strong>Copyright&nbsp;<\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download Citation:&nbsp; <a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/V212.0012.bib\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"9960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BibTeX <\/a>| <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.201806_21(2).0012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.201806_21(2).0012<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary article-btn\"><a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/12-10622_0217_V21i2.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"10014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>To improve the performance of vehicles equipped with laterally interconnected air suspension (LIAS), a damper system is constructed based on multi-agent theory and Shapley value principle of cooperative game. The multi-agent control system consists of an information fusion agent, a ride comfort agent, a handling stability agent and a game coordination agent. The information fusion agent obtains vehicle status information from environment, and carries out the information transmission according to the requirements of other agents; on the basis of suspension dynamic deflection and its changing rate, the ride comfort agent indicates the intention of damping coefficients. The handling stability agent triggers the reasoning module according to the current interconnection state information, and indicates the intention of the damping coefficients by the vehicle roll angle, in which, the reasoning module is formed by the self-learning of fuzzy neural networks according to the damping coefficients optimized by genetic algorithm. The game coordination agent receives the intention of the damping coefficients from the above agents, then corrects the damping intention through the rules of cooperative game, and outputs the global optimum damping coefficients. Based on a bench test, a simulation model is established to perform the effectiveness of the multi-agent damper system proposed in this paper. The results have verified that the proposed multi-agent damper system not only improves ride comfort of vehicle with LIAS, but also restrains the roll motion of the vehicle body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Keywords:&nbsp;Laterally Interconnected Air Suspension (LIAS), Multi-agent, Cooperative Game, Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy Neural Network<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:2rem\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div ref_ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<ol>\n<li>[1] Davis, L. and Bunker, J., (2014) \u201cDynamic Load Sharing in Heavy Vehicle Suspensions\u201d Modern Traffic and Transportation Engineering Research 3(1): 1\u20136.<\/li>\n<li>[2] Eskandary, P. E., Interconnected Air Suspensions with Independent Height and Stiffness Tuning, Master&#8217;s Dissertation, University of Waterloo, Canada (2014).<\/li>\n<li>[3] Jiang, H., Yang, Y. F., and Yu, P. F., (2015) \u201cVehicle Height Adjustment of Closed-loop Air Circuit Laterally Interconnected Air Suspension System\u201d Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 41(11): 2010\u20132016.<\/li>\n<li>[4] Li, Z. X., Cui, Z., Xu, X., and Qiu, Y. D., (2014) \u201cCharacteristics of Ride Comfort and Torsion Elimination of Four-corner Interconnected Air Suspension System\u201d Science Technology and Engineering 14(14): 82\u201386.<\/li>\n<li>[5] Wolf-Monheim, F., Schr\u00fcllkamp, T., and Loos, S., (2009) \u201cInterlinked Air Suspension Systems\u201d ATZ Auto Technology 9(3): 58\u201361.<\/li>\n<li>[6] Wolf-Monheim, F., Frantzen, M., and Seemann, M. \u201cModeling, Testing and Correlation of Interlinked Air Suspension Systems for Premium Vehicle Platforms\u201d. In: Proceedings of 32nd FISITA Congress. Munich, Germany. 2008, No. 40, 1\u20138.<\/li>\n<li>[7] Fang, R. H., Xie, Y. Q., and Lei, Y. C., (2003) \u201cAir Suspension Technology and Developing Trend\u201d Journal of Tongji University 31(9): 1072\u20131073.<\/li>\n<li>[8] Kat, C. J. and Pieter, S. E., (2009) \u201cInterconnected Air Spring Model\u201d Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems 15(4): 353\u2013370. DOI: 10.1080\/13873950902955783.<\/li>\n<li>[9] Li, Z. X., Xu, R. Z., and Jiang, H., (2016) \u201cRoll Stiffness Optimization for Anti-roll Bar in Interconnected Air Suspension\u201d Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 19(3): 293\u2013302. DOI: 10.6180\/jase.2016.19.3.07.<\/li>\n<li>[10] Li, Z. X., Ju, L. Y., Jiang, H., Xu, and Li, M., (2016) \u201cExperimental and Simulation Study on the Vibration Isolation and Torsion Elimination Performances of Interconnected Air Suspensions\u201d Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 230(5): 679\u2013691. DOI: 10.1177\/0954407015591664.<\/li>\n<li>[11] Qian, K., Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of Interconnected Air Suspension and Its Effects on Full Vehicle Vibration Performance, Master&#8217;s Dissertation, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China (2016).<\/li>\n<li>[12] Friedrich, W. M., Mathias, S., and Michael, F., (2009) \u201cInterconnected Air Suspension Systems: the Influence on Ride Comfort in Testing and Simulation\u201d ATZ Auto Technology 9(14): 58\u201361.<\/li>\n<li>[13] Ioannidou, D., Filosoglou, A., Nastou, M., Blougoura, E., Macrakis, V., Margaritou, A., and Petropoulou, P., (2013) \u201cH\u221e Control of a Novel Low-cost Roll-plane Active Hydraulically Interconnected Suspension: an Experimental Investigation of Roll Control under Ground Excitation\u201d SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars &#8211; Mechanical Systems 6(2): 882\u2013893. DOI: 10.4271\/2013-01-1238.<\/li>\n<li>[14] Davis, L. and Bunker, J., (2011) \u201cAltering Heavy Vehicle Air Suspension Dynamic Forces by Modifying Air Lines\u201d International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems 18(1): 1\u201317. DOI: 10.1504\/IJHVS.2011.037957.<\/li>\n<li>[15] Davis, L. and Bunker, J. \u201cHeavy Vehicle Suspension Testing and Analysis: Dynamic Load Sharing\u201d. In: 31st Australasian Transport Research Forum. 2009, 544\u2013561.<\/li>\n<li>[16] Cui, Z., Study on the Performance of Semi-active Laterally Interconnected Air Suspension and Its Hierarchical Control, Master&#8217;s Dissertation, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang (2014).<\/li>\n<li>[17] Ju, L. Y., Dynamic Characteristic Analysis and Intimated Skyhook Control Theory of Laterally Interconnected Air Suspension, PhD&#8217;s Dissertation, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China (2016).<\/li>\n<li>[18] Wang, X. H. and Chen, T. F., (2013) \u201cApplication of Intelligent Public Transportation Dispatch System Based on Agent\u201d Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology) 44(8): 3539\u20133545.<\/li>\n<li>[19] Tao, X. L. and Zheng, Y. B., (2013) \u201cA Level Task Allocation Method for Multiple-agents\u201d Journal of Computational Information Systems 9(2): 813\u2013820.<\/li>\n<li>[20] Monica, S. and Bergenti, F., (2017) \u201cOutline of a Generalization of Kinetic Theory to Study Opinion Dynamics\u201d Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, 14th International Conference 620: 301\u2013308. DOI: 10.1007\/978-3-319-62410-5_37.<\/li>\n<li>[21] Niu, L. M., Ye, L. J., and Ruan, X. D., (2015) \u201cAgent Control Technology for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Multi-energy Powertrain\u201d Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University 49(8): 1108\u20131113.<\/li>\n<li>[22] Erotokritos, X., Charalampos, M., and Liana, M. 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DOI: 10.1115\/1.3438373.<\/li>\n<li>[26] Hu, B., Research on the Control Strategy of Semi-active Suspension Based on Magnetorheological Dampers, Master&#8217;s Dissertation, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang (2017). DOI: 10.1007\/978-1-84800-231-9_6.<\/li>\n<li>[27] Choe, W. W., (2015) \u201cIntelligent PID Controller and Its Application to Structural Vibration Mitigation with MR Damper\u201d Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 64(8): 1224\u20131230. DOI: 10.5370\/KIEE.2015.64.8.1224.<\/li>\n<li>[28] Yu, Z. S., Automobile Theory, 5th ed., Beijing, China, pp. 216\u2013217 (2009).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"wp-custom-template-detail-4-aricles","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1361,6,1363],"tags":[1393],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":[],"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"\u6797\u923a\u6db5","author_link":"\/jase\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited. Download Citation:&nbsp; BibTeX | http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.201806_21(2).0012&nbsp;&nbsp; Download PDF To improve the performance of vehicles equipped with laterally interconnected air&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope\/6621"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope"}],"about":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/tkuisotope"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}