{"id":5539,"date":"2026-05-04T11:07:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T03:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&p=5539"},"modified":"2026-05-04T23:12:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T15:12:39","slug":"jase-202609-32-024","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=jase-202609-32-024","title":{"rendered":"Blast Wave Transmission in Full-Scale Multi-Node Tunnel Networks: Interaction Regimes, Wave Recompression, and Scaling Deviation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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<\/i> 2026<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/i> Volume 32<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Cheng-Wei Hung1<\/sup>, Sheng-Jung Pi2<\/sup>, and Pen-Chou Chen3<\/sup><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Informatics, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu 30401, Taiwan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/sup>National Defense University, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, School of National Defense Science, Taoyuan 33551, Taiwan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/sup>Department of Civil Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Received: April 4, 2026
Accepted: April 13, 2026
Publication Date: May 4, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Full-scale tunnel network configuration and monitoring-node layout, showing the interaction regime for closely spaced discontinuities and the quasi-independent regime for larger spacing. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/i> Copyright <\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Download Citation:\u00a0 BibTeX <\/a>| http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202609_32.024<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Blast-wave transmission in underground tunnel systems is strongly affected by sequential geometric discontinuities, yet most previous studies have focused on isolated tunnel components or short-distance propagation. This study investigates pressure transmission behavior in a 100 m full-scale multi-node tunnel network subjected to near-field external detonation. The network contains elbows, branching junctions, and cross-sectional transitions, representing a realistic underground protective access system. Numerical simulations were conducted using a validated arbitrary Lagrangian\u2013Eulerian blast-analysis framework for 10 kg, 100 kg, and 500 kg C-4 charges. The validation lineage of the numerical framework, together with the mesh-sensitivity basis adopted in the present model, is summarized explicitly in the Methods section. To distinguish local geometric interaction from quasi-independent propagation, two spacing regimes were defined according to the hydraulic diameter of the tunnel. A Node Interaction Index (NII) was introduced to quantify the deviation between coupled multi-node transmission and independent attenuation prediction. The results show that closely spaced discontinuities produce wave recompression, extended positive-phase duration, and locally amplified peak pressure, whereas larger spacing leads to near-independent attenuation behavior. Comparison with conventional cube-root scaling further reveals a sustained deviation range in the full-scale tunnel network, indicating that classical similarity relations are conditionally valid in confined long-distance propagation. Across the three charge weights, the spatial pattern of interaction remains similar, while the persistence of impulse-related deviation becomes more pronounced as charge weight increases. The proposed interaction-aware framework provides a practical basis for blast-resistant assessment and design of underground protective tunnel systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords: <\/em> Blast wave transmission; Tunnel network; near-field explosion; Full-scale simulation; Geometric discontinuity; Wave recompression; Sscaling deviation; Protective structures<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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