{"id":4785,"date":"2026-05-02T16:39:56","date_gmt":"2026-05-02T08:39:56","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&#038;p=4785"},"modified":"2026-06-26T20:05:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T12:05:57","slug":"strong-fenchel-duality-for-evenly-convex-optimization-problems","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=strong-fenchel-duality-for-evenly-convex-optimization-problems","title":{"rendered":"Strong Fenchel Duality for Evenly Convex Optimization Problems"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row article-info\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=3883\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"807\">2023<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder-open\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=4779\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"4630\">Volume 26, Issue 12<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-6 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div dv_publish\" data-aos=\"normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-05-02T16:39:56+08:00\">2026-05-02<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-5 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div au-ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Saba Naser Majeed<a href=\"mailto:saba.n.m@ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\">Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Received:\u00a0November 10, 2022<br>Accepted:\u00a0December 27, 2022<br>Publication Date:\u00a0May 2, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-7 align-self-start clk=\u5716\u7247\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/article_image.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid img-fluid mx-auto d-block\" alt=\"\u4e0a\u50b3\u5716\u7247\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center img_caption\">No figure<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><i class=\"fab fa-creative-commons\"><\/i>&nbsp;<strong>Copyright&nbsp;<\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download Citation:&nbsp; <a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/04_2022_0311_V26i12.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"4815\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BibTeX <\/a>| <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202312_26(12).0004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202312_26(12).0004<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary article-btn\"><a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/04_2022_0311_V26i12.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"4815\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Among a variety of approaches introduced in the literature to establish duality theory, Fenchel duality was of great importance in convex analysis and optimization. In this paper we establish some conditions to obtain classical strong Fenchel duality for evenly convex optimization problems defined in infinite dimensional spaces. The objective function of the primal problem is a family of (possible) infinite even convex functions. The strong duality conditions we present are based on the consideration of the epigraphs of the c-conjugate of the dual objective functions and the \u03b5-c-subdifferential of the primal objective functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Keywords:\u00a0evenly convex set and function, c-conjugate function, \u03b5 &#8211; c-subdifferentiability of a function, Fenchel duality.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:2rem\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div ref_ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<ol>\n<li>[1] W. Fenchel, (1952) \u201cA remark on convex sets and polarity&#8221; Meddelanden Lunds Universitets Matematiska Seminarium: 82\u201389.<\/li>\n<li>[2] M. A. Goberna, V. Jornet, and M. M. Rodriguez, (2003) \u201cOn linear systems containing strict inequalities&#8221; Linear Algebra and its Applications 360: 151\u2013171. DOI: 10.1016\/S0024-3795(02)00445-7.<\/li>\n<li>[3] M. A. Goberna and M. M. Rodriguez, (2006) \u201cAnalyzing linear systems containing strict inequalities via evenly convex hulls&#8221; European journal of operational research 169(3): 1079\u20131095. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ejor.2003.12.028.<\/li>\n<li>[4] V. Klee, E. Maluta, C. Zanco, et al., (2007) \u201cBasic properties of evenly convex sets&#8221; Journal of Convex Analysis 14(1): 137\u2013148.<\/li>\n<li>[5] M. M. Rodriguez and J. Vicente-Perez, (2011) \u201cOn evenly convex functions&#8221; J. Convex Anal 18: 721\u2013736.<\/li>\n<li>[6] J. E. Martinez-Legaz and J. Vicente-Perez, (2011) \u201cThe e-support function of an e-convex set and conjugacy for e-convex functions&#8221; Journal of mathematical analysis and applications 376(2): 602\u2013612. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jmaa.2010.10.058.<\/li>\n<li>[7] M. D. Fajardo, J. Vicente-Perez, and M. Rodriguez, (2012) \u201cInfimal convolution, c-subdifferentiability, and Fenchel duality in evenly convex optimization&#8221; Top 20(2): 375\u2013396. DOI: 10.1007\/s11750-011-0208-6.<\/li>\n<li>[8] U. Passy and E. Z. Prisman, (1984) \u201cConjugacy in quasi-convex programming&#8221; Mathematical Programming 30(2): 121\u2013146. DOI: 10.1007\/BF02591881.<\/li>\n<li>[9] R. T. Rockafellar. Convex analysis. 18. Princeton university press, 1970.<\/li>\n<li>[10] J. J. Moreau, (1970) \u201cInf-convolution, sous-additivite, convexite des fonctions numeriques&#8221; HAL 49: 109\u2013145.<\/li>\n<li>[11] J. E. Martinez-Legaz. \u201cGeneralized convex duality and its economic applicatons\u201d. In: Handbook of generalized convexity and generalized monotonicity. Springer, 2005, 237\u2013292.<\/li>\n<li>[12] N. Bourbaki. General Topology: Chapters 1\u20134. 18. Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>[13] L. Guoyin and N. K. Fu, (2008) \u201cOn extension of Fenchel duality and its application&#8221; SIAM Journal on Optimization 19(3): 1489\u20131509. DOI: 10.1137\/080716803.<\/li>\n<li>[14] P. Wolfe, (1961) \u201cA duality theorem for non-linear programming&#8221; Quarterly of applied mathematics 19(3): 239\u2013244.<\/li>\n<li>[15] O. Mangasarian, (1962) \u201cDuality in nonlinear programming&#8221; Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 20(3): 300\u2013302.<\/li>\n<li>[16] S. Mishra, (1997) \u201cOn sufficiency and duration in nonsmooth multiobjective programming&#8221; Opsearch 34(4): 221\u2013231.<\/li>\n<li>[17] S. Mishra, (1997) \u201cGeneralized fractional programming problems containing locally subdifferentiable and \u03c1-univex functions&#8221; Optimization 41(2): 135\u2013158. DOI: 10.1080\/02331939708844331.<\/li>\n<li>[18] S. K. Mishra, S. Wang, and K. K. Lai, (2006) \u201cOptimality and duality for a multi-objective programming problem involving generalized d-type-I and related n-set functions&#8221; European journal of operational research 173(2): 405\u2013418. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ejor.2005.02.062.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"wp-custom-template-detail-4-aricles","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[740,6,752],"tags":[924],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":[],"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"\u6797\u923a\u6db5","author_link":"\/jase\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited. Download Citation:&nbsp; BibTeX | http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202312_26(12).0004&nbsp;&nbsp; Download PDF Among a variety of approaches introduced in the literature to establish&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope\/4785"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope"}],"about":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/tkuisotope"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}