{"id":2553,"date":"2026-04-06T14:35:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T06:35:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iweb20wp-b205b.url.tku.edu.tw\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&#038;p=2553"},"modified":"2026-05-24T17:15:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T09:15:08","slug":"design-hybrid-aro-svr-analysis-to-predict-the-pile-bearing-capacity","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=design-hybrid-aro-svr-analysis-to-predict-the-pile-bearing-capacity","title":{"rendered":"Design Hybrid ARO-SVR Analysis to Predict the Pile Bearing Capacity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row article-info\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=2115\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"807\">2025<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder-open\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=2502\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1055\">Volume 28, Issue 7<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-6 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div dv_publish\" data-aos=\"normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-04-06T14:35:11+08:00\">2026-04-06<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-5 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div au-ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Yafan LIU<sup>1<\/sup><a href=\"mailto:yafandeyouxiang@126.com\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a> and Wenjun MA<sup>2,3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>1<\/sup>Department of Architectural Engineering, Shijiazhuang College of Applied Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>2<\/sup>Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>3<\/sup>Hebei Provincial Academy of Emergency Management Scieces, Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050000, China<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Received:\u00a0December 12, 2023<br>Accepted:\u00a0August 12, 2024<br>Publication Date:\u00a0April 6, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-7 align-self-start clk=\u5716\u7247\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/28_07_02.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid img-fluid mx-auto d-block\" alt=\"\u4e0a\u50b3\u5716\u7247\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center img_caption\">Correlation coefficient values.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><i class=\"fab fa-creative-commons\"><\/i>&nbsp;<strong>Copyright&nbsp;<\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download Citation:\u00a0 <a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/V287.0002.bib\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"7342\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BibTeX <\/a>| <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202507_28(7).0002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202507_28(7).0002<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary article-btn\"><a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/02_2023_1557_V28i7.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"2527\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The assessment of the load-bearing capacity of piles holds significant importance in the design of pile foundations. This paper presents hybridized support vector regression (SVR) models by utilizing the Artificial Rabbit Optimization (ARO) and the Black Widow Optimization Algorithm (BWOA) to predict the bearing capacity of concrete piles. A repository comprising 472 reports on static load tests conducted on driven piles was employed for the study. The dataset was allocated into three parts: the training set (70%), the validation set ( 15% ), and the testing set ( 15% ). Multiple criteria for assessing quality were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the models. The first rank belonged to the SVR model integrated with the ARO algorithm, where it could gain the higher value of <em>R<sup>2<\/sup><\/em> in all of training <em>R<sup>2<\/sup><\/em> = 0.9876 , validating <em>R<sup>2<\/sup><\/em> = 0.9778 , and testing sections <em>R<sup>2<\/sup><\/em> = 0.9874 , and the lowest value of RMSE in all the training ( RMSE = 39.393 ), validating ( RMSE = 53.727 ) and testing sections ( RMSE = 38.082). The findings indicate that the suggested model is highly appropriate for predicting the capacity of concrete piles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Keywords:\u00a0Concrete piles; Bearing capacity; Estimation; Regression analysis; Artificial Rabbit optimization<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:2rem\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div ref_ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<ol>\n<li>[1] E. Momeni, R. Nazir, D. J. Armaghani, and H. Maizir, (2015) \u201cApplication of artificial neural network for predicting shaft and tip resistances of concrete piles\u201d Earth Sciences Research Journal 19: 85\u201393. DOI: 10.15446\/esrj.v19n1.38712.<\/li>\n<li>[2] M. Drusa, F. Gago, and J. Vl\u010dek, (2016) \u201cContribution to estimating bearing capacity of pile in clayey soils\u201d Civil and Environmental Engineering 12: 128\u2013136. DOI: 10.1515\/cee-2016-0018.<\/li>\n<li>[3] F. P. Nejad and M. B. Jaksa, (2017) \u201cLoad-settlement behavior modeling of single piles using artificial neural networks and CPT data\u201d Computers and Geotechnics 89: 9\u201321. DOI: 10.1016\/j.compgeo.2017.04.003.<\/li>\n<li>[4] Z. Buzrukov, I. Yakubjanov, and M. Umataliev. \u201cFeatures of the joint work of structures and pile foundations on loess foundations\u201d. In: 264. EDP Sciences, 2021, 02048. DOI: 10.1051\/e3sconf\/202126402048.<\/li>\n<li>[5] K. J\u00f3zefiak, A. Zbiciak, M. Ma\u015blakowski, and T. Piotrowski, (2015) \u201cNumerical modelling and bearing capacity analysis of pile foundation\u201d Procedia Engineering 111: 356\u2013363. DOI: 10.1016\/j.proeng.2015.07.101.<\/li>\n<li>[6] G. G. Meyerhof, (1976) \u201cBearing capacity and settlement of pile foundations\u201d Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division 102: 197\u2013228. DOI: 10.1061\/AJGEB6.0000243.<\/li>\n<li>[7] I. Shooshpasha, A. Hasanzadeh, and A. Taghavi, (2013) \u201cPrediction of the axial bearing capacity of piles by SPT-based and numerical design methods\u201d Geomate Journal 4: 560\u2013564. DOI: 10.21660\/2013.8.2118.<\/li>\n<li>[8] X. J. Chai, K. Deng, C. F. He, and Y. F. Xiong, (2021) \u201cLaboratory Model Tests on Consolidation Performance of Soil Column with Drained-Timber Rod\u201d Advances in Civil Engineering 2021: 6698894. DOI: 10.1155\/2021\/6698894.<\/li>\n<li>[9] G. S. Budi, M. Kosasi, and D. H. Wijaya, (2015) \u201cBearing capacity of pile foundations embedded in clays and sands layer predicted using PDA test and static load test\u201d Procedia Engineering 125: 406\u2013410. DOI: 10.1016\/j.proeng.2015.11.101.<\/li>\n<li>[10] W. Koz\u0142owski and D. Niemczynski, (2016) \u201cMethods for estimating the load bearing capacity of pile foundation using the results of penetration tests-case study of road viaduct foundation\u201d Procedia engineering 161: 1001\u20131006. DOI: 10.1016\/j.proeng.2016.08.839.<\/li>\n<li>[11] M. Amjad, I. Ahmad, M. Ahmad, P. Wr\u00f3blewski, P. Kami\u0144ski, and U. Amjad, (2022) \u201cPrediction of pile bearing capacity using XGBoost algorithm: modeling and performance evaluation\u201d Applied Sciences 12: 2126. DOI: 10.3390\/app12042126.<\/li>\n<li>[12] B. Ma, Z. Li, K. Cai, M. Liu, M. Zhao, B. Chen, Q. Chen, and Z. Hu, (2021) \u201cPile-Soil Stress Ratio and Settlement of Composite Foundation Bidirectionally Reinforced by Piles and Geosynthetics under Embankment Load\u201d Advances in Civil Engineering 2021(1): 5575878. DOI: 10.1155\/2021\/5575878.<\/li>\n<li>[13] S. Nurdin, K. Sawada, and S. Moriguchi. \u201cDesign criterion of reinforcement on thick soft clay foundations of traditional construction method in Indonesia\u201d. In: 258. EDP Sciences, 2019, 03010. DOI: 10.1051\/matecconf\/201925803010.<\/li>\n<li>[14] E. Momeni, R. Nazir, D. J. Armaghani, and H. Maizir, (2014) \u201cPrediction of pile bearing capacity using a hybrid genetic algorithm-based ANN\u201d Measurement 57: 122\u2013131. DOI: 10.1016\/j.measurement.2014.08.007.<\/li>\n<li>[15] T. A. Pham, H.-B. Ly, V. Q. Tran, L. V. Giap, H.-L. T. Vu, and H.-A. T. Duong, (2020) \u201cPrediction of pile axial bearing capacity using artificial neural network and random forest\u201d Applied Sciences 10: 1871. DOI: 10.3390\/app10051871.<\/li>\n<li>[16] T. A. Pham, V. Q. Tran, H.-L. T. Vu, and H.-B. Ly, (2020) \u201cDesign deep neural network architecture using a genetic algorithm for estimation of pile bearing capacity\u201d PLoS One 15: e0243030. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0243030.<\/li>\n<li>[17] N. Shariatmadari, A. A. ESLAMI, and P. F. M. KARIM, (2008) \u201cBearing capacity of driven piles in sands from SPT-applied to 60 case histories\u201d 32: 125\u2013140. DOI: 10.22099\/ijstc.2008.716.<\/li>\n<li>[18] M. R. Svinkin, (2019) \u201cSensible determination of pile capacity by dynamic methods\u201d Geotechnical research 6: 52\u201367. DOI: 10.1680\/jgere.18.00032.<\/li>\n<li>[19] H. Nguyen, M.-T. Cao, X.-L. Tran, T.-H. Tran, and N.-D. Hoang, (2023) &#8220;A novel whale optimization algorithm optimized XGBoost regression for estimating bearing capacity of concrete piles&#8221; Neural Computing and Applications 35: 3825\u20133852. DOI: 10.1007\/s00521-022-07896-w.<\/li>\n<li>[20] F. P. Nejad, M. B. Jaksa, M. Kakhi, and B. A. McCabe, (2009) &#8220;Prediction of pile settlement using artificial neural networks based on standard penetration test data&#8221; Computers and geotechnics 36: 1125\u20131133. DOI: 10.1016\/j.compgeo.2009.04.003.<\/li>\n<li>[21] A. T. C. Goh, F. H. Kulhawy, and C. G. Chua, (2005) &#8220;Bayesian neural network analysis of undrained side resistance of drilled shafts&#8221; Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 131: 84\u201393. DOI: 10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:1(84).<\/li>\n<li>[22] M. A. Shahin and M. B. Jaksa, (2005) &#8220;Neural network prediction of pullout capacity of marquee ground anchors&#8221; Computers and Geotechnics 32: 153\u2013163. DOI: 10.1016\/j.compgeo.2005.02.003.<\/li>\n<li>[23] N. O. Nawari, R. Liang, and J. Nusairat, (1999) &#8220;Artificial intelligence techniques for the design and analysis of deep foundations&#8221; Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 4: 1\u201321.<\/li>\n<li>[24] V.-H. Nhu, N.-D. Hoang, V.-B. Duong, H.-D. Vu, and D. T. Bui, (2020) <span class=\"citation-2463 citation-end-2463\">&#8220;A hybrid computational intelligence approach for predicting soil shear strength for urban housing construction: a case study at Vinhomes Imperia project, Hai Phong city (Vietnam)&#8221; Engineering with Computer<\/span>s 36: 603\u2013616. DOI: 10.1007\/s00366-019-00718-z.<\/li>\n<li>[25] B. T. Pham, C. Qi, L. S. Ho, T. Nguyen-Thoi, N. Al-Ansari, M. D. Nguyen, H. D. Nguyen, H.-B. Ly, H. V. Le, and I. Prakash, (2020) &#8220;A novel hybrid soft computing model using random forest and particle swarm optimization for estimation of undrained shear strength of soil&#8221; Sustainability 12: 2218. DOI: 10.3390\/su12062218.<\/li>\n<li>[26] E. Momeni, D. J. Armaghani, S. A. Fatemi, and R. Nazir, (2018) &#8220;Prediction of bearing capacity of thin-walled foundation: a simulation approach&#8221; Engineering with Computers 34: 319\u2013327. DOI: 10.1007\/s00366-017-0542-x.<\/li>\n<li>[27] E. Momeni, M. B. Dowlatshahi, F. Omidinasab, H. Maizir, and D. J. Armaghani, (2020) &#8220;Gaussian process regression technique to estimate the pile bearing capacity&#8221; Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 45: 8255\u20138267. DOI: 10.1007\/s13369-020-04683-4.<\/li>\n<li>[28] R. U. Kulkarni and D. M. Dewaikar, (2017) &#8220;Prediction of interpreted failure loads of rock-socketed piles in Mumbai Region using hybrid artificial neural networks with genetic algorithm&#8221; Int. J. Eng. Res 6: 365\u2013372. DOI: 10.17577\/IJERTV6IS060196.<\/li>\n<li>[29] D. J. Armaghani, R. S. N. S. B. R. Shoib, K. Faizi, and A. S. A. Rashid, (2017) &#8220;Developing a hybrid PSO\u2013ANN model for estimating the ultimate bearing capacity of rock-socketed piles&#8221; Neural Computing and Applications 28: 391\u2013405. DOI: 10.1007\/s00521-015-0272-z.<\/li>\n<li>[30] L. Wang, Q. Cao, Z. Zhang, S. Mirjalili, and W. Zhao, (2022) &#8220;Artificial rabbits optimization: A new bio-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm for solving engineering optimization problems&#8221; Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 114: 105082. DOI: 10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105082.<\/li>\n<li>[31] V. Hayyolalam and A. A. P. Kazem, (2020) &#8220;Black widow optimization algorithm: a novel meta-heuristic approach for solving engineering optimization problems&#8221; Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 87: 103249. DOI: 10.1016\/j.engappai.2019.103249.<\/li>\n<li>[32] E. H. Houssein, M. M. Emam, and A. A. Ali, (2021) &#8220;An efficient multilevel thresholding segmentation method for thermography breast cancer imaging based on improved chimp optimization algorithm&#8221; Expert Systems with Applications 185: 115651. DOI: 10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115651.<\/li>\n<li>[33] N. A. Munirah, M. A. Remli, N. M. Ali, H. W. Nies, M. S. Mohamad, and K. N. S. W. S. Wong, (2020) &#8220;The development of parameter estimation method for Chinese hamster ovary model using black widow optimization algorithm&#8221; International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 11: DOI: 10.14569\/IJACSA.2020.0111126.<\/li>\n<li>[34] C. Cortes and V. Vapnik, (1995) &#8220;Support-vector networks&#8221; Machine learning 20: 273\u2013297. DOI: 10.1007\/BF00994018.<\/li>\n<li>[35] M.-T. Puth, M. Neuh\u00e4user, and G. D. Ruxton, (2014) &#8220;Effective use of Pearson&#8217;s product\u2013moment correlation coefficient&#8221; Animal behaviour 93: 183\u2013189. DOI: 10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.05.003.\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container luminous-sources ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"wp-custom-template-detail-4-aricles","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[9,6,270],"tags":[396],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":[],"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"\u6797\u923a\u6db5","author_link":"\/jase\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited. Download Citation:\u00a0 BibTeX | http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202507_28(7).0002\u00a0\u00a0 Download PDF The assessment of the load-bearing capacity of piles holds significant importance&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope\/2553"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope"}],"about":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/tkuisotope"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}