{"id":2435,"date":"2026-04-06T13:27:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T05:27:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iweb20wp-b205b.url.tku.edu.tw\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&#038;p=2435"},"modified":"2026-05-24T15:26:58","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T07:26:58","slug":"vanadium-containing-sources-and-processing-technologies-a-comprehensive-review","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=vanadium-containing-sources-and-processing-technologies-a-comprehensive-review","title":{"rendered":"Vanadium-Containing Sources and Processing Technologies: A Comprehensive Review"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row article-info\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=2115\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"807\">2025<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder-open\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=2415\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1055\">Volume 28, Issue 5<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-6 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div dv_publish\" data-aos=\"normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-04-06T13:27:09+08:00\">2026-04-06<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-5 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div au-ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Sultan Yulussov<sup>1<\/sup>, Omirserik Baigenzhenov<sup>1<\/sup><a href=\"mailto:o.baigenzhenov@satbayev.university\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a>, Alibek Khabiyev<sup>2<\/sup>, Bigamila Torsykbayeva<sup>3<\/sup>, and Yerik Merkibayev<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>1<\/sup>Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Satbayev university, Almaty, Kazakhstan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>2<\/sup>Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Satbayev university, Almaty, Kazakhstan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>3<\/sup>Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Received:&nbsp;January 11, 2024<br>Accepted:&nbsp;April 30, 2024<br>Publication Date:&nbsp;April 6, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-7 align-self-start clk=\u5716\u7247\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/18_05_20.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid img-fluid mx-auto d-block\" alt=\"\u4e0a\u50b3\u5716\u7247\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Flowsheet of recovery of vanadium from vanadium source to V<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><i class=\"fab fa-creative-commons\"><\/i>&nbsp;<strong>Copyright&nbsp;<\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download Citation:\u00a0 <a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/V285.0020.bib\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"7236\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BibTeX <\/a>| <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202505_28(5).0020\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202505_28(5).0020<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary article-btn\"><a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/20_2024_0062_V28i5.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"2385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The article presents an overview of the basic technologies employed for the processing of these vanadiumcontaining materials. These technologies encompass a range of extraction methods, including roasting, leaching, solvent extraction, and precipitation. The specific techniques employed for each source material are discussed in detail, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Black shale ore, a significant source of vanadium, is explored for its extraction potential. Vanadium-containing titanium magnetite ores, known with their abundant vanadium content, are investigated as another prominent source. Additionally, spent vanadium catalysts, which are commonly utilized in several industrial processes, are examined as a potential source for vanadium extraction. Furthermore, vanadium-containing bauxite raw materials, oil, and steel production slags are evaluated for their vanadium extraction capabilities. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive understanding of the various sources of vanadium and the technologies employed for their extraction. The insights presented here will aid researchers and industry professionals in developing efficient and sustainable processes for vanadium extraction, ensuring a stable supply of this valuable transition metal for various applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Keywords:&nbsp;Vanadium-Containing Sources, black shale ore, titanium magnetite ores, spent vanadium catalysts, bauxite residues, oil residues.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:2rem\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div ref_ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<ol>\n<li>[1] A. Mannucci, I. Tomashchuk, A. Mathieu, R. Bolot, E. Cicala, S. Lafaye, and C. Roudeix, (2020) \u201cUse of pure vanadium and niobium\/copper inserts for laser welding of titanium to stainless steel&#8221; Journal of Advanced Joining Processes 1: 100022. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jajp.2020.100022.<\/li>\n<li>[2] I. O. Aimbetova, A. Kuzmin, D. N. Myrkheyeva, E. O. Aimbetova, and L. Kalimoldina, (2023) \u201cAn effect of hydrothermal synthesis time on the specific capacitance<br \/>of vanadium pentoxide&#8221; International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment 24(2): DOI: 10.1615\/interjenercleanenv.2022043086.<\/li>\n<li>[3] B. Khussain, A. Brodskiy, A. Sass, K. Rakhmetova, V. Yaskevich, V. Grigor\u2019eva, A. Ishmukhamedov, A. Shapovalov, I. Shlygina, S. Tungatarova, et al., (2022) \u201cSynthesis of vanadium-containing catalytically active phases for exhaust gas neutralizers of motor vehicles and industrial enterprises&#8221; Catalysts 12(8): 842. DOI: doi.org\/10.1615\/interjenercleanenv.2022043086.<\/li>\n<li>[4] J. Pisk and D. Agustin, (2022) \u201cMolybdenum, vanadium, and tungsten-based catalysts for sustainable (ep) Oxidation&#8221; Molecules 27(18): 6011. DOI: doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27186011.<\/li>\n<li>[5] A. Nasimifar and J. V. Mehrabani, (2022) \u201cA review on the extraction of vanadium pentoxide from primary, secondary, and co-product sources&#8221; International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering 56(4): 361\u2013382. DOI: 10.22059\/ijmge.2022.319012.594893.<\/li>\n<li>[6] G. J. Simandl and S. Paradis, (2022) \u201cVanadium as a critical material: economic geology with emphasis on market and the main deposit types&#8221; Applied Earth Science 131(4): 218\u2013236. DOI: doi.org\/10.1080\/25726838.2022.2102883.<\/li>\n<li>[7] L. Wang, Y. Zhang, T. Liu, J. Huang, N. Xue, and Q. Zheng, (2020) \u201cSeparation of iron impurity during vanadium acid leaching from black shale by yavapaiiteprecipitating method&#8221; Hydrometallurgy 191: 105191. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hydromet.2019.105191.<\/li>\n<li>[8] J. Yu, N. Hu, H. Xiao, P. Gao, and Y. Sun, (2021) \u201cReduction behaviors of vanadium-titanium magnetite with H2 via a fluidized bed&#8221; Powder Technology 385: 83\u201391. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.powtec.2021.02.038.<\/li>\n<li>[9] E. Romanovskaia, V. Romanovski, W. Kwapinski, and I. Kurilo, (2021) \u201cSelective recovery of vanadium pentoxide from spent catalysts of sulfuric acid production:<br \/>Sustainable approach&#8221; Hydrometallurgy 200: 105568. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hydromet.2021.105568.<\/li>\n<li>[10] W. Li, X. Yan, Z. Niu, and X. Zhu, (2021) \u201cSelective recovery of vanadium from red mud by leaching with using oxalic acid and sodium sulfite&#8221; Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9(4): 105669. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2021.105669.<\/li>\n<li>[11] I. Sugiyama and A. Williams-Jones, (2018) \u201cAn approach to determining nickel, vanadium and other metal concentrations in crude oil&#8221; Analytica chimica acta 1002: 18\u201325. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2017.11.040.<\/li>\n<li>[12] J.-y. Xiang, W. Xin, G.-s. Pei, Q.-y. Huang, and X.-w. L\u00dc, (2020) \u201cRecovery of vanadium from vanadium slag by composite roasting with CaO\/MgO and leaching&#8221; Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 30(11): 3114\u20133123. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/s1003-6326(20)65447-4.<\/li>\n<li>[13] B. Chen, S. Bao, Y. Zhang, and S. Li, (2020) \u201cA highefficiency and sustainable leaching process of vanadium from shale in sulfuric acid systems enhanced by ultrasound&#8221; Separation and Purification Technology 240: 116624. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.116624.<\/li>\n<li>[14] H. Peng, (2019) \u201cA literature review on leaching and recovery of vanadium&#8221; Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 7(5): 103313. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2019.103313.<\/li>\n<li>[15] S. Liu, E. Ding, P. Ning, G. Xie, and N. Yang, (2021) \u201cVanadium extraction from roasted vanadium-bearing steel slag via pressure acid leaching&#8221; Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9(3): 105195. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2021.105195.<\/li>\n<li>[16] H.-Y. Li, K. Wang, W.-H. Hua, Z. Yang, W. Zhou, and B. Xie, (2016) \u201cSelective leaching of vanadium in calcification-roasted vanadium slag by ammonium carbonate&#8221; Hydrometallurgy 160: 18\u201325. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hydromet.2015.11.014.<\/li>\n<li>[17] O. Baigenzhenov, S. Yulussov, A. Khabiyev, M. Sydykanov, and M. Akbarov, (2019) \u201cInvestigation of the leaching process of rare-earth metals from the black<br \/>shale ores of Greater Karatau&#8221; Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra= Complex use of mineral resources 310(3): 76\u201380. DOI: doi.org\/10.31643\/2019\/6445.31.<\/li>\n<li>[18] H. Mahandra, R. Singh, and B. Gupta, (2020) \u201cRecovery of vanadium (V) from synthetic and real leach solutions of spent catalyst by solvent extraction using<br \/>Cyphos IL 104&#8243; Hydrometallurgy 196: 105405. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hydromet.2020.105405.<\/li>\n<li>[19] H. Wang, Y. Feng, H. Li, H. Li, and H. Wu, (2020) \u201cRecovery of vanadium from acid leaching solutions of spent oil hydrotreating catalyst using solvent extraction<br \/>with D2EHPA (P204)&#8221; Hydrometallurgy 195: 105404. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hydromet.2020.105404.<\/li>\n<li>[20] A. R. Gollakota, V. Volli, and C. M. Shu, (2019) \u201cProgressive utilisation prospects of coal fly ash: A review&#8221; Science of the Total Environment 672: 951\u2013989. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.337.<\/li>\n<li>[21] X. Zeng, F. Wang, H. Zhang, L. Cui, J. Yu, and G. Xu, (2015) \u201cExtraction of vanadium from stone coal by roasting in a fluidized bed reactor&#8221; Fuel 142: 180\u2013188. DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2014.10.068.<\/li>\n<li>[22] Y. Ma, X. Wang, S. Stopic, M. Wang, D. Kremer, H. Wotruba, and B. Friedrich, (2018) \u201cPreparation ofvanadium oxides from a vanadium (IV) strip liquor extracted\u00a0 from vanadium-bearing shale using an eco-friendly method&#8221; Metals 8(12): 994. 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Download Citation:\u00a0 BibTeX | http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202505_28(5).0020\u00a0\u00a0 Download PDF The article presents an overview of the basic technologies employed for&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope\/2435"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope"}],"about":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/tkuisotope"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}