{"id":13237,"date":"2026-10-26T15:37:35","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T07:37:35","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&p=13237"},"modified":"2026-10-26T18:06:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T10:06:57","slug":"jase-202701-36-045","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=jase-202701-36-045","title":{"rendered":"Wake-up Radio Integration in IoT Sensors: A Simulation Based Analysis of Network Lifetime and Performance Tradeoffs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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<\/i> 2027<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/i> Volume 36<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Junlei Dong1,2<\/sup> and Shuai Fu3<\/sup><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Henan Polytechnic, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/sup>Henan Engineering Research Center of Fault-Tolerant Server, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/sup>Changchun Humanities and Sciences College, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Received: December 30, 2025
Accepted: August 03, 2026
Publication Date: October 26, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Baseline network lifetime and throughput distributions<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/i> Copyright <\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Download Citation: BibTeX <\/a>| http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202701_36.045<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The deployment of long-term autonomous Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks is constrained by the finite energy budget of battery-powered nodes. Although Synchronous Duty Cycling (SDC) is widely used to reduce idle-listening energy, its scalability is limited by synchronization overhead and packet collisions. This study quantitatively compares Wake-up Radio (WuR)-assisted communication with SDC and Always-On baselines using a discrete-event simulation framework. The model incorporates long-term battery depletion, stochastic packet generation, collision-induced packet loss, and channel loss over a 365-day horizon. Results from a simulated 50-node network show that, although SDC extends network lifetime to approximately 45 days, its packet loss increases superlinearly and reaches approximately 16% under high-density conditions because of contention within synchronized active windows. In contrast, the WuR-assisted approach maintains packet loss below 1.2% across load levels and retains 34.6% of battery capacity after one year, corresponding to a projected lifetime of more than 1.5 years[cite: 68]. With an energy cost of 30.6 mJ per successful packet, WuR achieves a 13.5-fold improvement over SDC. These results indicate that WuR-assisted communication is a more suitable architecture for scalable, latency-sensitive, and ultra-long-lived IoT deployments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords: Wake-up Radio; Internet of Things; Energy Efficiency; Network Lifetime; Simulation<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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