{"id":12253,"date":"2026-09-16T12:21:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T04:21:46","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&#038;p=12253"},"modified":"2026-09-21T07:15:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-20T23:15:22","slug":"jase-202612-35-048","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=jase-202612-35-048","title":{"rendered":"Distributed Intrusion Detection and Privacy-Preserving Fusion for Industrial SDN"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row article-info\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=807\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"807\">2026<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder-open\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=11162\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"11162\">Volume 35<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-6 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div dv_publish\" data-aos=\"normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-16T12:21:46+08:00\">2026-09-16<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-5 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div au-ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Yong Wang, Fan Jia<a href=\"mailto:jiafan_isc@163.com\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a>, Yi Ren, Ming Wang, and Jun Li<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\">Operation and Maintenance Center, State Grid Digital Technology Holding Co., Ltd., Xiong&#8217;an New Area 071708, Hebei Province, P. R. China<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Received: July 21, 2026<br>Accepted: August 17, 2026<br>Publication Date: September 16, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-7 align-self-start clk=\u5716\u7247\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/45_048.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid img-fluid mx-auto d-block\" alt=\"\u4e0a\u50b3\u5716\u7247\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Privacy-preserving federated data fusion workflow<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><i class=\"fab fa-creative-commons\"><\/i>&nbsp;<strong>Copyright&nbsp;<\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download Citation:  <a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/V35.0048.txt\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"12284\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BibTeX <\/a>| <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202612_35.048\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202612_35.048<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary article-btn\"><a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/046_2026_2057_V35.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"12254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Software-defined networking (SDN) is increasingly deployed in industrial networks such as industrial Internet of Things and cloud-edge control systems, where centralized controllers, open southbound interfaces, and dynamic flow-table mechanisms enlarge the attack surface. Traditional centralized intrusion detection systems require raw-traffic uploads, impose heavy controller load, risk cross-domain privacy leakage, and generalize poorly under non-IID traffic across industrial subdomains. This paper proposes a scalable distributed intrusion detection and privacy-preserving data fusion mechanism for SDN-based industrial networks. The system deploys local SDN controllers, edge intrusion detection agents, a secure aggregation module, and a global federated fusion server, fusing data-plane traffic, control-plane event, and temporal behavior features through federated learning, secure aggregation, and differential privacy perturbation for cross-domain collaborative detection without exposing raw industrial traffic. Simulations using InSDN, CICIDS2017, and Mininet-generated industrial SDN attack traffic show accuracy of 0.958, an F1-score of 0.949, and an AUC of 0.974 in multi-class classification. As SDN domains grow from 5 to 50, the F1-score decreases only from 0.953 to 0.941 while detection latency rises from 18.4 ms to 41.6 ms. At a privacy budget of 2.0, the success rate of membership inference attacks falls to 0.587, a 28.1% reduction relative to the non-differential-privacy setting. These results show that the method enables scalable, low-overhead, interpretable collaborative intrusion detection for industrial SDN networks without sharing raw traffic, offering a practical solution for privacy-preserving security monitoring in large-scale industrial information systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Keywords:&nbsp;federated learning, differential privacy, secure aggregation, scalable information systems, membership inference attack<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:2rem\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div ref_ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div id=\"model-response-message-contentr_53180f64958e6cc2\" class=\"markdown markdown-main-panel md-content enable-luminous-fast-follows enable-updated-hr-color stronger\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-busy=\"false\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n<ol>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[1] M. S. Ataa, E. E. Sanad, and R. A. El-khoribi, (2024) &#8220;Intrusion Detection in Software Defined Network Using Deep Learning Approaches&#8221; Scientific Reports 14: 29159. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-79001-1.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[2] A. H. Janabi, T. Kanakis, and M. Johnson, (2024) &#8220;Survey: Intrusion Detection System in Software-Defined Networking&#8221; IEEE Access 12: 164097-164120. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3493384.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[3] M. Raza, M. J. Saeed, M. B. Riaz, and M. A. Sattar, (2024) &#8220;Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Intrusion Detection in Software-Defined Networks&#8221; IEEE Access 12: 69551-69567. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3395997.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[4] H. Babbar and S. Rani, (2024) &#8220;FRHIDS: Federated Learning Recommender Hybrid Intrusion Detection System Model in Software-Defined Networking for Consumer Devices&#8221; IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 70(1): 2492-2499. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCE.2023.3329151.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[5] R. Ben Said, Z. Sabir, and I. Askerzade, (2023) &#8220;CNN-BILSTM: A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Network Intrusion Detection System in Software-Defined Networking With Hybrid Feature Selection&#8221; IEEE Access 11: 138732-138747. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3340142.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[6] S. Agrawal, S. Sarkar, O. Aouedi, G. Yenduri, K. Piamrat, M. Alazab, S. Bhattacharya, P. K. R. Maddikunta, and T. R. Gadekallu, (2022) &#8220;Federated Learning for Intrusion Detection System: Concepts, Challenges and Future Directions&#8221; Computer Communications 195: 346-361. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comcom.2022.09.012.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[7] H. Alshahrani, A. Khan, M. Rizwan, M. S. Al Reshan, A. Sulaiman, and A. Shaikh, (2023) &#8220;Intrusion Detection Framework for Industrial Internet of Things Using Software Defined Network&#8221; Sustainability 15(11): 9001. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15119001.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[8] A. H. Janabi, T. Kanakis, and M. Johnson, (2022) &#8220;Overhead Reduction Technique for Software-Defined Network Based Intrusion Detection Systems&#8221; IEEE Access 10: 66481-66491. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3184722.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[9] H. Bour, M. Abolhasan, S. Jafarizadeh, J. Lipman, and I. Makhdoom, (2022) &#8220;A Multi-Layered Intrusion Detection System for Software Defined Networking&#8221; Computers and Electrical Engineering 101: 108042. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108042.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[10] A. Bhardwaj, R. Tyagi, N. Sharma, A. Khare, M. S. Punia, and V. K. Garg, (2022) &#8220;Network Intrusion Detection in Software Defined Networking with Self-Organized Constraint-Based Intelligent Learning Framework&#8221; Measurement: Sensors 24: 100580. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.measen.2022.100580.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[11] B. Hu, Y. Bi, M. Zhi, K. Zhang, F. Yan, and Q. Zhang, (2022) &#8220;A Deep One-Class Intrusion Detection Scheme in Software-Defined Industrial Networks&#8221; IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 18(6): 4286-4296. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2021.3133300.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[12] P. Ruzafa-Alcazar, P. Fern\u00e1ndez Saura, E. M\u00e1rmol Campos, A. Gonz\u00e1lez-Vidal, J. L. Hern\u00e1ndez-Ramos, J. Bernal Bernab\u00e9, and A. F. Skarmeta, (2023) &#8220;Intrusion Detection Based on Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning for the Industrial IoT&#8221; IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 19(2): 1145-1154. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2021.3126728.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[13] A. Vyas, P.-C. Lin, R.-H. Hwang, and M. Tripathi, (2024) &#8220;Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning for Intrusion Detection in IoT Environments: A Survey&#8221; IEEE Access 12: 127018-127050. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3454211.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[14] M. S. ElSayed, N.-A. Le-Khac, M. A. Albahar, and A. Jurcut, (2021) &#8220;A Novel Hybrid Model for Intrusion Detection Systems in SDNs Based on CNN and a New Regularization Technique&#8221; Journal of Network and Computer Applications 191: 103160. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnca.2021.103160.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[15] Z. Wu, H. Zhang, P. Wang, and Z. Sun, (2022) &#8220;RTIDS: A Robust Transformer-Based Approach for Intrusion Detection System&#8221; IEEE Access 10: 64375-64387. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3182333.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[16] J. Chen, Y. Zhao, Q. Li, X. Feng, and K. Xu, (2023) &#8220;FedDef: Defense Against Gradient Leakage in Federated Learning-Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems&#8221; IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 18: 4561-4576. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3297369.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[17] R. Chaganti, W. Suliman, V. Ravi, and A. Dua, (2023) &#8220;Deep Learning Approach for SDN-Enabled Intrusion Detection System in IoT Networks&#8221; Information 14(1): 41. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info14010041.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[18] V. Hnamte, H. Nhung-Nguyen, J. Hussain, and Y. Hwa-Kim, (2023) &#8220;A Novel Two-Stage Deep Learning Model for Network Intrusion Detection: LSTM-AE&#8221; IEEE Access 11: 37131-37148. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3266979.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[19] E. M\u00e1rmol Campos, P. Fern\u00e1ndez Saura, A. Gonz\u00e1lez-Vidal, J. L. Hern\u00e1ndez-Ramos, J. Bernal Bernab\u00e9, G. Baldini, and A. Skarmeta, (2022) &#8220;Evaluating Federated Learning for Intrusion Detection in Internet of Things: Review and Challenges&#8221; Computer Networks 203: 108661. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108661.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[20] S. Zavrak and M. Iskefiyeli, (2023) &#8220;Flow-Based Intrusion Detection on Software-Defined Networks: A Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection Approach&#8221; Neural Computing and Applications 35(16): 12175-12193. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-023-08376-5.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[21] P. Hadem, D. K. Saikia, and S. Moulik, (2021) &#8220;An SDN-Based Intrusion Detection System Using SVM with Selective Logging for IP Traceback&#8221; Computer Networks 191: 108015. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108015.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[22] Y. Al-Dunainawi, B. R. Al-Kaseem, and H. S. Al-Raweshidy, (2023) &#8220;Optimized Artificial Intelligence Model for DDoS Detection in SDN Environment&#8221; IEEE Access 11: 106733-106748. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3319214.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[23] T. V. Phan and T. Bauschert, (2022) &#8220;DeepAir: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Intrusion Response in Software-Defined Networks&#8221; IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 19(3): 2207-2218. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3158468.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[24] T. Naqash, S. H. Shah, and M. N. Ul Islam, (2022) &#8220;Statistical Analysis Based Intrusion Detection System for Ultra-High-Speed Software Defined Network&#8221; International Journal of Parallel Programming 50(1): 89-114. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10766-021-00715-0.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[25] B. Buyuktanir, S. Altinkaya, G. Karatas Baydogmus, and K. Yildiz, (2025) &#8220;Federated Learning in Intrusion Detection: Advancements, Applications, and Future Directions&#8221; Cluster Computing 28(7): 473. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10586-025-05325-w.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"wp-custom-template-detail-4-aricles","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[12,1956,6],"tags":[2128],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":[],"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"\u6797\u923a\u6db5","author_link":"\/jase\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited. Download Citation: BibTeX | http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202612_35.048 Download PDF Software-defined networking (SDN) is increasingly deployed in industrial networks such as&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope\/12253"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope"}],"about":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/tkuisotope"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}