{"id":10178,"date":"2026-08-17T21:25:02","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T13:25:02","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&#038;p=10178"},"modified":"2026-08-17T23:56:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T15:56:08","slug":"jase-202611-34-047","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=jase-202611-34-047","title":{"rendered":"Construction and application of a natural landscape generation system based on L-system and complex network theory"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row article-info\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=807\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"807\">2026<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder-open\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=9439\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"9439\">Volume 34<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-6 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div dv_publish\" data-aos=\"normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-17T21:25:02+08:00\">2026-08-17<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-5 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div au-ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Xiaoyu Cai<sup>1<\/sup><a href=\"mailto:18133692667@163.com\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a> and Bin Hu<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>1<\/sup>School of Design, Hefei University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>2<\/sup>Anhui Geological Museum, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Received: April 25, 2026<br>Accepted:&nbsp;July 08, 2026<br>Publication Date:&nbsp;August 17, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-7 align-self-start clk=\u5716\u7247\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/34_047.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid img-fluid mx-auto d-block\" alt=\"\u4e0a\u50b3\u5716\u7247\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Digital&nbsp;tool&nbsp;platform for L-system and&nbsp;complex&nbsp;network-based&nbsp;landscape&nbsp;response&nbsp;generation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><i class=\"fab fa-creative-commons\"><\/i>&nbsp;<strong>Copyright&nbsp;<\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download Citation:\u00a0 <a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/V34.0047.txt\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"9812\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BibTeX <\/a>| <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202611_34.047\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202611_34.047<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary article-btn\"><a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/047_2026_0821_V34.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"10169\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Accurate quantification of natural landscapes is of great significance to the study of ecological benefits. At present, most systems are still dominated by human intervention. This paper addresses the limitation of existing landscape design systems that prioritize visual aesthetics over ecological functionality and lack accurate ecosystem simulation. It proposes a natural landscape generation model combining L-system theory, complex network analysis, and Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). The system encodes L-system rules as input to a GAN generator, enabling the creation of realistic and ecologically meaningful landscape structures. By analyzing landscape characteristics, topology, and growth functions, the model ensures effective visualization of complex landscape components. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed L-system-GAN model achieves significantly higher resolvability and operates 5.4 times faster than traditional GAN approaches. Additionally, it meets commercial standards in generation quality, computational efficiency, and user experience, with strong potential for deployment in embedded systems. Therefore, subsequent optimization directions can focus on extreme scenario robustness and energy consumption control. The proposed framework utilizes publicly available terrain and landscape-related datasets, with key training parameters including controlled learning rate, batch size, and iteration settings for GAN optimization. Performance is evaluated using fractal dimension (FD), resolvability (SVR), and generation time metrics, ensuring consistent and verifiable assessment<br>of model effectiveness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Keywords:&nbsp;L-system; complex networks; natural landscapes; generation system; ecological modeling, topology analysis, generative design<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:2rem\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div ref_ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div id=\"model-response-message-contentr_53180f64958e6cc2\" class=\"markdown markdown-main-panel md-content enable-luminous-fast-follows enable-updated-hr-color stronger\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-busy=\"false\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div id=\"model-response-message-contentr_103d1a61990a732c\" class=\"markdown markdown-main-panel md-content enable-luminous-fast-follows enable-updated-hr-color stronger\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-busy=\"false\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n<ol>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[1] L. Zhao and K. Zhang, (2022) \u201cApplication of a random forest algorithm in natural landscape animation design\u201d Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022: 2820558. DOI: 10.1155\/2022\/2820558.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[2] S. Liu, X. Zhao, X. Meng, W. Ji, L. Liu, W. Li, and Q. Yang, (2024) \u201cResearch on the application of extended reality in the construction and management of landscape engineering\u201d Electronics 13(5): 897. DOI: 10.3390\/electronics13050897.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[3] D. Casino Rubio, F. Rodriguez Ramirez, and H. Fern\u00e1ndez-Elorza, (2024) \u201cStrategies for sustainable rooting in landscape: arrangements between architecture and the ground\u201d Buildings 14(4): 1006. DOI: 10.3390\/buildings14041006.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[4] M. Liu and S. Nijhuis, (2022) \u201cTalking about landscape spaces: towards a spatial-visual landscape design vocabulary\u201d The Design Journal 25(2): 263\u2013281. DOI: 10.1080\/14606925.2021.2021672.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[5] Y. D. \u015eahin and C. Altunkasa, (2023) \u201cHolistic Approach to Ecological Design Parameters of Building and Landscape Design on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Hot, Humid Climate\u201d Prostor 31(1(65)): 38\u201351. DOI: 10.31522\/p.31.1(65).4.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[6] S. Jacobs and T. Wiens, (2024) \u201cLandscapes of care: politics, practices, and possibilities\u201d Landscape Research 49(3): 428\u2013444. DOI: 10.1080\/01426397.2023.2266394.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[7] Y. Dai, (2022) \u201cApplication of regional culture in landscape architecture design under the background of data fusion\u201d Scientific Programming 2022: 6240313. DOI: 10.1155\/2022\/6240313.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[8] N. Kikuchi, T. Fukuda, and N. Yabuki, (2022) <span class=\"citation-9 citation-end-9\">\u201cFuture landscape visualization using a city digital twin: integration of augmented reality and drones with implementation of 3D model-based occlusion handling\u201d Journal of Computational Design and Engineer<\/span>ing 9(2): 837\u2013856. DOI: 10.1093\/jcde\/qwac032.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[9] K. Endo, E. S. Lin, and C. L. Tan, (2022) \u201cAugmenting and virtualising landscape architectural teaching and learning\u201d Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture 7: 592\u2013607. DOI: 10.14627\/537724055.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[10] M. Amani-Beni, M. R. Khalilnezhad, and S. Mahdizadeh, (2022) \u201cHierarchical access to the edible landscape: the Akbarieh garden in Iran\u201d Landscape Research 47(3): 333\u2013353. DOI: 10.1080\/01426397.2021.2016667.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[11] L. Zhou, (2025) \u201cAn enhanced CycleGAN approach for landscape design: style transfer and color harmonization\u201d Alexandria Engineering Journal 133: 225\u2013238. DOI: 10.1016\/j.aej.2025.11.007.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[12] Z. Hou, N. Lang, and X. Zhou, (2025) \u201cWL-GAN: learning to sample in generative latent space\u201d Information Sciences 700(C): 121834. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ins.2024.121834.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[13] R. Hashemi Sigari and T. Panagopoulos, (2024) \u201cA multicriteria decision-making approach for urban water features: ecological landscape architecture evaluation\u201d Land 13: 1799. DOI: 10.3390\/land13111799.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[14] R. J. Fletcher Jr., T. A. Smith, N. Kortessis, E. M. Bruna, and R. D. Holt, (2023) \u201cLandscape experiments unlock relationships among habitat loss, fragmentation, and patch-size effects\u201d Ecology 104: e4037\u2013e4048. DOI: 10.1002\/ecy.4037.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"1\">[15] M. Carta, M. R. Gisotti, and F. Lucchesi, (2022) \u201cSettlements and urban morphological quality in landscape planning: analytical models and regulating tools in the landscape plan of the Regione Toscana\u201d Sustainability 14(3): 1867. DOI: 10.3390\/su14031867.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"wp-custom-template-detail-4-aricles","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[12,1682,6],"tags":[1729],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":[],"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"\u6797\u923a\u6db5","author_link":"\/jase\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited. Download Citation:\u00a0 BibTeX | http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202611_34.047\u00a0\u00a0 Download PDF Accurate quantification of natural landscapes is of great significance to the&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope\/10178"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope"}],"about":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/tkuisotope"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}