{"id":10176,"date":"2026-08-17T21:24:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T13:24:06","guid":{"rendered":"\/jase\/?post_type=tkuisotope&#038;p=10176"},"modified":"2026-08-17T23:54:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T15:54:09","slug":"jase-202611-34-045","status":"publish","type":"tkuisotope","link":"\/jase\/?tkuisotope=jase-202611-34-045","title":{"rendered":"Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Modeling of Distributed Photovoltaic Contributions to Distribution Network Safety"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row article-info\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=807\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"807\">2026<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-3 align-self-start\">\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-folder-open\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>&nbsp;<a href=\"\/jase\/?page_id=9439\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"9439\">Volume 34<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-6 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div dv_publish\" data-aos=\"normal\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-17T21:24:06+08:00\">2026-08-17<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-row row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-5 align-self-start\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div au-ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Huan YAN<sup>1<\/sup>, Yuanyuan YUE<sup>1<\/sup>, Honggang JIA<sup>1<\/sup>, Zijia HUI<sup>1<\/sup>, and Hao ZENG<sup>2<\/sup><a href=\"mailto:zenghao0409@163.com\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>1<\/sup>State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Xi\u2019an, China<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\"><sup>2<\/sup>Chongqing Electric Energy Star Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<p>Received: April 26, 2025<br>Accepted:&nbsp;July 30, 2026<br>Publication Date:&nbsp;August 17, 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-column col-md-7 align-self-start clk=\u5716\u7247\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/34_045.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid img-fluid mx-auto d-block\" alt=\"\u4e0a\u50b3\u5716\u7247\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Overall control&nbsp;scheme&nbsp;of the&nbsp;grid-connected&nbsp;DPV&nbsp;system.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><i class=\"fab fa-creative-commons\"><\/i>&nbsp;<strong>Copyright&nbsp;<\/strong>The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download Citation:\u00a0 <a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/V34.0045.txt\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"9812\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BibTeX <\/a>| <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202611_34.045\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202611_34.045<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary article-btn\"><a href=\"\/jase\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/045_2026_0948_V34.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"10160\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The large-scale integration of distributed photovoltaic (DPV) systems introduces significant spatio-temporal variability into distribution networks, posing challenges to voltage stability, line loading, and protection coordination. This paper proposes a spatio-temporal analysis and modeling framework to quantify the safety impacts of DPV contributions. By integrating spatial topology characteristics with temporal generation-load fluctuations, the proposed model evaluates dynamic safety margins under varying penetration scenarios. A composite load model incorporating ZIP components, induction motor dynamics, and a simplified PV subsystem is established, and a reinforcement learning-enhanced Grey Wolf Optimizer (RL-GWO) is developed for high-precision parameter identification. Case studies demonstrate its effectiveness in identifying high-risk nodes and revealing critical spatio-temporal coupling effects, providing analytical support for distribution network planning and secure operation, while showing that appropriate DPV penetration can significantly improve voltage profiles and reduce network losses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Keywords:&nbsp;Distributed photovoltaic; Spatio-temporal Analysis; Parameter Identification; Reinforcement learning; Distribution Network Security; Grey Wolf Optimizer<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:2rem\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tkuwpbs5-bs5-div ref_ol\" data-aos=\"normal\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div id=\"model-response-message-contentr_53180f64958e6cc2\" class=\"markdown markdown-main-panel md-content enable-luminous-fast-follows enable-updated-hr-color stronger\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-busy=\"false\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n<ol>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[1] Y. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Wu, and H. Yu, (2025) \u201cDistributed Voltage Optimal Control Method for Energy Storage Systems in Active Distribution Network\u201d Energies 18(14): 3670. DOI: 10.3390\/en18143670.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[2] Z. Zhang, X. Guo, P. Yang, T. Wang, Y. Ji, and L. Yao, (2024) \u201cLine Loss Calculation and Optimization in Low Voltage Lines with Photovoltaic Systems Using an Analytical Model and Quantum Genetic Algorithm\u201d Tehni\u010dki vjesnik 31(2): 486\u2013494. DOI: 10.17559\/TV-20230516000638.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[3] F. Yuan, Y. Lu, Z. Xie, and S. Dai, (2024) \u201cDistributed Photovoltaic Distribution Voltage Prediction Based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting and Time Convolutional Networks\u201d IEEE Access 12: 177576\u2013177588. DOI: 10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3502759.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[4] J. Yang, S. Zhu, and T. Zhou, (2024) \u201cDistributed Model Predictive Control for Voltage Coordination of Distributed Photovoltaic Distribution Networks with High Permeability\u201d Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 28(6): 1341\u20131350. DOI: 10.6180\/jase.202506_28(6).0016.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[5] H. Pei, G. Yan, Y. Zhao, W. Zhang, and C. Xiao, (2025) \u201cResearch on Harmonic Optimization and Suppression of Distributed Photovoltaic Storage and Distribution Networks by Improving PSO\u201d Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering 11: 1667908. DOI: 10.3389\/fmech.2025.1667908.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[6] H. Shi et al., (2025) \u201cA Novel Hosting Capacity Evaluation Method for Distributed PV Connected in Power System Based on Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Harmonic\u201d IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 15(3): 500\u2013508. DOI: 10.1109\/JPHOTOV.2025.3541402.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[7] S. Sun, S. Yang, P. Yu, Y. Cheng, J. Xing, Y. Wang, Y. Yi, Z. Hu, L. 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Guo, (2025) \u201cRobust Assessment Method for Hosting Capacity of Distribution Network in Mountainous Areas for Distributed Photovoltaics\u201d Energies 18(9): 2394. DOI: 10.3390\/en18092394.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[11] S. Liu, Y. Xie, Z. Jiang, et al., (2025) \u201cExpansion Planning of Photovoltaic-Storage for Distribution Networks Based on Distributionally Robust Optimization\u201d Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 11(4): 163\u2013175. DOI: 10.23919\/CJEE.2025.000113.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[12] C. Gong, W. Wang, W. Zhang, N. Dong, X. Liu, Y. Dong, and D. Zhang, (2024) \u201cActive Power Optimization Scheduling Method for Large-Scale Urban Distribution Networks with Distributed Photovoltaics Considering the Regulating Capacity of the Main Network\u201d Frontiers in Energy Research 12: 1450986. DOI: 10.3389\/fenrg.2024.1450986.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[13] M. 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Zhang, (2025) \u201cResearch on Distributed Photovoltaic Efficient Digestion Method Based on Optical Storage Direct Flexible Mode\u201d Energy Reports 13: 4926\u20134935. DOI: 10.1016\/j.egyr.2025.04.018.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[17] G. Lei, B. He, J. Zhang, C. Liu, Z. Li, W. Dai, Y. Liu, and M. Wang, (2025) \u201cLocation and Sizing of Distributed Energy Storage in Distribution Substations under Multiple Scenarios Based on Improved Affinity Propagation Clustering\u201d Electric Power Systems Research 248: 111898. DOI: 10.1016\/j.epsr.2025.111898.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[18] X. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Wang, H. Wang, and L. Lu, (2024) \u201cEnhanced LSTM-Based Robotic Agent for Load Forecasting in Low-Voltage Distributed Photovoltaic Power Distribution Network\u201d Frontiers in Neurorobotics 18: 1431643. DOI: 10.3389\/fnbot.2024.1431643.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[19] J. Zhang, B. Li, F. Chen, B. Li, X. Ji, and F. Xiao, (2024) \u201cMulti-Terminal Negative Sequence Directional Pilot Protection Method for Distributed Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Distribution Network\u201d International Journal of Electrical Power &amp; Energy Systems 157: 109855. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ijepes.2024.109855.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[20] M. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. Liu, L. Xia, C. Chai, and P. Li, (2024) \u201cLightning Risk Assessment of Active Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaic System\u201d Energy Reports 12: 3711\u20133717. DOI: 10.1016\/j.egyr.2024.09.045.<\/li>\n<li data-path-to-node=\"0\">[21] M. Wang, R. Li, Y. Shi, X. Zhang, Y. Liu, and Q. Fang, (2026) \u201cIntelligent Prediction of Grid Connection Point Voltage Overrun for Distributed Photovoltaic Generation Systems\u201d Electric Power Systems Research 252: 112361. DOI: 10.1016\/j.epsr.2025.112361.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"wp-custom-template-detail-4-aricles","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[12,1682,6],"tags":[1727],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":[],"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"\u6797\u923a\u6db5","author_link":"\/jase\/?author=3"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution&nbsp;License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited. Download Citation:\u00a0 BibTeX | http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.6180\/jase.202611_34.045\u00a0\u00a0 Download PDF The large-scale integration of distributed photovoltaic (DPV) systems introduces significant spatio-temporal&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope\/10176"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/tkuisotope"}],"about":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/tkuisotope"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/jase\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}