Civil Engineering

Nibras N. Khalid This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.1 , Wissam K. Al-Saraj1 , and Hanadi F. Naji1

1Civil Engineering Department ,Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

 

Received: August 22, 2020
Accepted: September 8, 2020
Publication Date: February 1, 2021

 Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.


Download Citation: ||https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.202102_24(1).0012  


ABSTRACT

The design of the construction buildings should consider the fire resistance of the structural members to reduce the risks of fire exposure. Geopolymer is a promising material that can be used in construction for its desired properties including strength and sustainability. The performance of the MK-based geoploymer concrete columns exposed to fire was investigated and presented in this paper. The columns are short of one meter in length and circular cross section of diameter 150 mm. Twelve columns were tested under axial concentrated loads. The parameters considered as variables of the experimental work are the duration of fire exposure and the cover thickness (15, 25, 35 mm). The experimental results showed that there is an enhancement in the load carrying capacity of the columns subjected to fire for low level of fire about 12 % of the initial strength of the column with the largest thickness. At the highest fire period, the columns experienced loss in strength especially the specimen of the smallest cover thickness by 28 % of its original strength. The reduction in strength is attributed to the cover spalling resulted from the damage caused by fire. However, MK-based GC columns have better performance of cement based RC columns under fire.


Keywords: Circular Column, Cover Thickness, Geopolymer, Fire Resistance, Metakaolin


REFERENCES

  1. [1] G. A. Khoury. Compressive strength of concrete at high temperatures: A reassessment. Magazine of Concrete Research, 44(161):291–309, dec 1992.
  2. [2] Franz-Josef Ulm, Olivier Coussy, and Zdenˇek P. Bažant. The “Chunnel” Fire. I: Chemoplastic Softening in Rapidly Heated Concrete. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 125(3):272–282, mar 1999.
  3. [3] YN Chan, X Luo, W Sun Cement Research, Concrete, and Undefined 2000. Compressive strength and pore structure of high-performance concrete after exposure to high temperature up to 800 C. Cement and Concrete Research, 30(2):247–251, 2000.
  4. [4] Gabriel Alexander Khoury. Effect of fire on concrete and concrete structures. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 2(4):429–447, oct 2000.
  5. [5] V Vydra, F Vodák, O Kapiˇcková, , Š Hošková Cement Concrete, and Undefined 2001. Effect of temperature on porosity of concrete for nuclear-safety structures. Cement and Concrete Research, 31(7):1023–1026, 2001.
  6. [6] Al-Owaisy, S.R. and N.N.Al-Chalabi. Non Destructive Tests on Concrete Exposed to Temperatures up to 700o C. Journal of Engineering and Development, 8(1):29–37, 2004.
  7. [7] JB Odelson, EA Kerr, W Vichit-Vadakan Cement Research, Concrete, and Undefined 2007. Young’s modulus of cement paste at elevated temperatures. Cement and Concrete Research, 37(2):258–263, 2007.
  8. [8] J Davidovits Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry and Undefined 1991. Geopolymers: inorganic polymeric new materials. Journal of Thermal Analysis, 37(8):1633–1656, 1991.
  9. [9] P Duxson, JL Provis, cement, GC Lukey concrete . . . , and Undefined 2007. The role of inorganic polymer technology in the development of ’green concrete’. Cement and Concrete Research, 37(12):1590–1597, 2007.
  10. [10] JY Chen, S Tao, XR Lei, XY Zhu Applied Mechanics And, and Undefined 2014. The characteristics of metakaolinite-based geopolymer at different temperature. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 442:152–155, 2014.
  11. [11] T Bakharev Cement Research, Concrete, and Undefined 2006. Thermal behaviour of geopolymers prepared using class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing. Cement and Concrete Research, 36(6):1134–1147, 2006.
  12. [12] Ping Duan, Chunjie Yan, Wei Zhou, and Wenjun Luo. Thermal Behavior of Portland Cement and Fly Ash–Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Cement Pastes. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 40(8):2261– 2269, aug 2015.
  13. [13] P Duxson, GC Lukey, JSJ van Deventer Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, and Undefined 2006. Thermal evolution of metakaolin geopolymers: Part 1–Physical evolution. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 352(52- 54):5541–5555, 2006.
  14. [14] En-Hua Yang, Kang-Hai Tan, Mukund Lahoti, Keng Khang Wong, and Kang Hai Tan. Effects of Si/Al molar ratio on strength endurance and volume stability of metakaolin geopolymers subject to elevated temperature Field demonstration of Precast Ultra-thin Whitetopping (PUTW) View project Explore Concept of Membrane Actions to Reduce Fire. Ceramics International, 44(5):5726–5734, 2018.
  15. [15] AM Rashad, AA Hassan, SR Zeedan Applied Clay Science, and Undefined 2016. An investigation on alkali-activated Egyptian metakaolin pastes blended with quartz powder subjected to elevated temperatures. Construction and Building Materials, 122:417–425, 2016.
  16. [16] P Behera, V Baheti, J Militky, P Louda Construction Materials, Building, and Undefined 2018. Elevated temperature properties of basalt microfibril filled geopolymer composites. Construction and Building Materials, 163:850–860, 2018.
  17. [17] R He, N Dai, Z Wang Advances in Civil Engineering, and Undefined 2020. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymers Exposed to High Temperature: A Literature Review. Advances in Civil Engineering, 7532703:1–17, 2020.
  18. [18] Pavel Rovnaník and Kristýna Šafránková. materials Thermal Behaviour of Metakaolin/Fly Ash Geopolymers with Chamotte Aggregate. Materials, 9(7):535, 2016.
  19. [19] DLY Kong, , JG Sanjayan Cement concrete Research, and Undefined 2010. Effect of elevated temperatures on geopolymer paste, mortar and concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 40(2):334–339, 2010.
  20. [20] AZM Ali, J Sanjayan, M Guerrieri Construction Materials, Building, and Undefined 2017. Performance of geopolymer high strength concrete wall panels and cylinders when exposed to a hydrocarbon fire. Construction and Building Materials, 137:195–207, 2017.
  21. [21] Kang-Hai Tan, En-Hua Yang, Mukund Lahoti, and Kang Hai Tan. A critical review of geopolymer properties for structural fire-resistance applications Design Guideline and Analytical Tool to Mitigate Progressive Collapse of Buildings against Explosive Effects (GPC) View project master thesis View project A critical re. Construction and Building Materials, 221:514–526, 2019.
  22. [22] J Ren, H Chen, T Sun, H Song, M Wang Advances in Materials, and Undefined 2017. Flexural behaviour of combined FA/GGBFS geopolymer concrete beams after exposure to elevated temperatures. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2017, 2017.
  23. [23] AM Ibrahem AL-Fatih Journal and Undefined 2008. Effect of temperature on the pozzolanic properties of Metakaolin produced from Iraqi kaolin clay. AL- Fatih Journal, Diyala University, Iraq, 4(32):268–285, 2008.
  24. [24] Basil S Al-Shathr, Tareq S Al-Attar, and Zaid A Hasan. Optimization of Geopolymer Concrete Based on Local Iraqi Metakaolin. Technical report, 2015.
  25. [25] J. C. Dotreppe, J. M. Franssen, A. Bruls, R. Baus, P. Vandevelde, R. Minne, D. Van Nieuwenburg, and H. Lambotte. Experimental research on the determination of the main parameters affecting the behaviour of reinforced concrete columns under fire conditions. Magazine of Concrete Research, 48(6):117–127, 1997.
  26. [26] MM Bikhiet, NF El-Shafey, HM El-Hashimy Alexandria Engineering, and Undefined 2014. Behavior of reinforced concrete short columns exposed to fire. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 53(3):643–653, 2014.
  27. [27] HY Zhang, GH Qiu, V Kodur, ZS Yuan Cement Composites, Concrete, and Undefined 2020. Spalling behavior of metakaolin-fly ash based geopolymer concrete under elevated temperature exposure. Cement and Concrete Composites, 106, 2020.

Latest Articles

Multi-level Semantic Fusion Network for Few-shot Multimedia Image Recognition in Education Management
Multi-level Semantic Fusion Network for Few-shot Multimedia Image Recognition in Education ManagementVolume 28, Issue 2 (In Press)

Read more: ...

River bank erosion prediction using multivariable linear regression
River bank erosion prediction using multivariable linear regressionVolume 27, Issue 12 (In Press)

Read more: ...

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Pectin Extraction from Durian Rind
Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Pectin Extraction from Durian RindVolume 28, Issue 2 (In Press)

Read more: ...

Short-time prediction model for cross-section passenger flow in urban transit trains using GCN-AM-BiLSTM
Short-time prediction model for cross-section passenger flow in urban transit trains using GCN-AM-BiLSTMVolume 28, Issue 2 (In Press)

Read more: ...

Response Prediction Analysis of RC Frame Structures Using Support Vector Machine Algorithm
Response Prediction Analysis of RC Frame Structures Using Support Vector Machine AlgorithmVolume 28, Issue 2 (In Press)

Read more: ...

Using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II for multi-objective optimization of acoustic performance in sandwich panels with cellular honeycomb core
Using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II for multi-objective optimization of acoustic performance in sandwich panels with cellular honeycomb coreVolume 28, Issue 2 (In Press)

Read more: ...

Analyzing Glass Configurations For Energy Efficiency In Building Envelopes: A Comparative
Analyzing Glass Configurations For Energy Efficiency In Building Envelopes: A ComparativeVolume 28, Issue 2 (In Press)

Read more: ...

Assessment of the optimal gold recovery rate through heap leach extraction process from hydrothermal alteration zone ore
Assessment of the optimal gold recovery rate through heap leach extraction process from hydrothermal alteration zone oreVolume 28, Issue 2 (In Press)

Read more: ...

Research on the Time-Varying Relationship between Macroeconomic Variables and the Stock Market Volatility Based on TVP-VAR Model
Research on the Time-Varying Relationship between Macroeconomic Variables and the Stock Market Volatility Based on TVP-VAR ModelVolume 28, Issue 2 (In Press)

Read more: ...